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<p>Loose granular backfill often slips and collapses under overburden pressure during pillar recovery, posing critical safety risks. This study employs a similarity test apparatus to characterize the load-slip response of composite waste rock-tailings backfill in residual ore recovery, uses PFC3D simulations to reveal microscopic slip mechanisms, and proposes a slip-zone cementation hybrid backfill method to enhance stope stability. Results indicate that the compression process of granular backfill exhibits nonlinear stress–strain curves, divided into rapid compaction, bulging, and large-scale slip stages after the rapid compaction stage. The stress–strain curve has an inflection point, corresponding to a sudden increase in the extrusion amount, and this increase is proportional to the size of the opening. Under pressure P₀, force chains near the opening break due to slip instability, while on the opposite side, slow particle movement concentrates stress into robust chains that strengthen further. Densification and shear of granular backfill cause instability along a certain plane, dividing the material into areas that stick together and areas that slip. Replacing slip-zone granular material with cemented backfill significantly enhances the stability of the backfill system, reducing strain by 45% and slip displacement by approximately 50% under identical conditions. Overall, the slip behavior of granular backfill is closely related to the exposed area, and cementing the slip zone markedly enhances stope stability.</p>

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Stability Analysis and Optimization of Residual Ore Mining with Granular Backfill

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月10日

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  • Yongliang Zhang,
  • Hongchao Jia,
  • Pengjin Liu,
  • Jianfei Sun,
  • Hongwei Mu,
  • Quanlin Zhu,
  • Yang Xian

摘要

Loose granular backfill often slips and collapses under overburden pressure during pillar recovery, posing critical safety risks. This study employs a similarity test apparatus to characterize the load-slip response of composite waste rock-tailings backfill in residual ore recovery, uses PFC3D simulations to reveal microscopic slip mechanisms, and proposes a slip-zone cementation hybrid backfill method to enhance stope stability. Results indicate that the compression process of granular backfill exhibits nonlinear stress–strain curves, divided into rapid compaction, bulging, and large-scale slip stages after the rapid compaction stage. The stress–strain curve has an inflection point, corresponding to a sudden increase in the extrusion amount, and this increase is proportional to the size of the opening. Under pressure P₀, force chains near the opening break due to slip instability, while on the opposite side, slow particle movement concentrates stress into robust chains that strengthen further. Densification and shear of granular backfill cause instability along a certain plane, dividing the material into areas that stick together and areas that slip. Replacing slip-zone granular material with cemented backfill significantly enhances the stability of the backfill system, reducing strain by 45% and slip displacement by approximately 50% under identical conditions. Overall, the slip behavior of granular backfill is closely related to the exposed area, and cementing the slip zone markedly enhances stope stability.