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<p>Slope stability in open-pit mining is a critical concern for safety and operational efficiency. Traditional methods often face limitations in accurately assessing complex slope behaviors due to the interplay of surface deformation, subsurface conditions, and environmental factors. This study aims to address these challenges by integrating interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) and infrared thermography (IRT) with advanced numerical simulations for a comprehensive slope stability assessment at the Sijiaying Iron Mine, China. The study employs the Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) InSAR technique to monitor surface deformation from January 2021 to April 2024, achieving an accuracy of ± 10&#xa0;mm/year. Concurrently, IRT is used to detect sub-surface thermal anomalies, particularly in water-rich areas influenced by precipitation. Based on the integrated InSAR and IRT results, two critical cross-sectional profiles are selected for numerical simulations under static, earthquake, and rainfall conditions to evaluate the factor of safety (FoS). Three distinct deformation zones are identified: Zone 1 exhibits line-of-sight (LOS) displacement away from the satellite at − 6– − 10&#xa0;mm/year, Zone 2 exceeds − 10&#xa0;mm/year, and Zone 3 shows LOS displacement toward the satellite at 3–6&#xa0;mm/year. IRT analysis reveals low-temperature anomalies linked to water-rich areas, emphasizing the role of precipitation in slope instability. Numerical simulations yield FoS values of 1.21 (static), 0.97 (earthquake), and 1.17 (rainfall) for section A-A’ and 1.20 (static), 0.98 (earthquake), and 0.95 (rainfall) for section B-B’. A strong correlation (0.885 to 0.958) between displacement and stress is observed, highlighting the enhanced capability of the integrated approach. The integration of InSAR, IRT, and numerical simulations provides a robust framework for slope stability assessment, overcoming the limitations of individual methods. This approach offers valuable insights for monitoring and mitigation strategies, ultimately improving safety and operational efficiency in open-pit mining.</p>

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Remote Sensing and Numerical Simulation for Slope Stability in Open-Pit Mining: Case Study of Sijiaying Iron Ore Mine, China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月9日

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  • Aboubakar Siddique,
  • Zhuoying Tan,
  • Naigen Tan,
  • Hilal Ahmad,
  • Jiang Li,
  • Jianshu Liu,
  • Saddam Hussain Khurram,
  • Yanshui Jiang,
  • Nuobei Zeng

摘要

Slope stability in open-pit mining is a critical concern for safety and operational efficiency. Traditional methods often face limitations in accurately assessing complex slope behaviors due to the interplay of surface deformation, subsurface conditions, and environmental factors. This study aims to address these challenges by integrating interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) and infrared thermography (IRT) with advanced numerical simulations for a comprehensive slope stability assessment at the Sijiaying Iron Mine, China. The study employs the Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) InSAR technique to monitor surface deformation from January 2021 to April 2024, achieving an accuracy of ± 10 mm/year. Concurrently, IRT is used to detect sub-surface thermal anomalies, particularly in water-rich areas influenced by precipitation. Based on the integrated InSAR and IRT results, two critical cross-sectional profiles are selected for numerical simulations under static, earthquake, and rainfall conditions to evaluate the factor of safety (FoS). Three distinct deformation zones are identified: Zone 1 exhibits line-of-sight (LOS) displacement away from the satellite at − 6– − 10 mm/year, Zone 2 exceeds − 10 mm/year, and Zone 3 shows LOS displacement toward the satellite at 3–6 mm/year. IRT analysis reveals low-temperature anomalies linked to water-rich areas, emphasizing the role of precipitation in slope instability. Numerical simulations yield FoS values of 1.21 (static), 0.97 (earthquake), and 1.17 (rainfall) for section A-A’ and 1.20 (static), 0.98 (earthquake), and 0.95 (rainfall) for section B-B’. A strong correlation (0.885 to 0.958) between displacement and stress is observed, highlighting the enhanced capability of the integrated approach. The integration of InSAR, IRT, and numerical simulations provides a robust framework for slope stability assessment, overcoming the limitations of individual methods. This approach offers valuable insights for monitoring and mitigation strategies, ultimately improving safety and operational efficiency in open-pit mining.