Numerical and Statistical Evaluation of Uplift and Compression Coefficients in Single Batter Piles in Sand
摘要
This paper presents a model to predict pullout and compression coefficient for single batter piles. A three-dimensional finite element model was developed using ABAQUS 6.14, and the resulting data were analyzed using multiple nonlinear regression through the SPSS statistical program. Ultimate load tests were utilized on single batter piles in loose and dense sand to validate the proposed model and predict their bearing capacity under various loading conditions. The variables included in the proposed model are pile inclination angle, β (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 degrees), embedment ratio (L/D = 10, 15, and 20), and loading direction. The uplift loading with negative β and the compression loading for positive β. The main finding is that the uplift and compression coefficients depend on the pile batter angle and soil internal angle of friction. The optimal inclination angles have been determined as β = − 20° for uplift and β = + 25° for compression for loose sand. For dense sand, a balance between the inclination angle and L/D ratio is observed. For dense sand, the maximum uplift coefficient is at β ≈ − 15°, and the compression coefficient also behaves with the same pattern, with a marked decrease in efficiency after β = + 20 ̊. For both dense and loose sand, the uplift coefficient increases with the inclination angle at higher displacement ratios (δ = 5% D and 10% D). The proposed regression equation fits well with the finite element analysis results. These findings provide a useful insight into the optimum inclination angles and their effect on the batter pile behavior.