3-Dimensional Bearing Capacity of Strip and Square Footings on Two-Layered Clay

The undrained bearing capacity to eccentric and inclined loading of foundations resting on a two-layered clay soil is examined by 2D and 3D FE analyses. The ratio of the shear strength of two layers, the relative thickness of the uppermost layer in terms of the foundation width and the normalized values of eccentricity and horizontal loads are the key parameters of a comprehensive finite element study. Two cases of inhomogeneity referring to strength ratio higher or lower than unity, are separately examined, as they are associated with different failure mechanisms. The failure mode is examined in several cases, giving additional insight into the mechanics of the problem. Moreover, for a better visual understanding of how the overturning moment and horizontal force affect the ultimate capacity, the results are presented in terms of 3D, BC or sliding interaction diagrams. The 3D analyses of foundation resting on two-layered clay and subjected to combined M, V, H loading, the evaluation and presentation of the results as well, can support the contribution of the paper.