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<p>Available soil boron (B) in agro-ecosystem primarily depends on its distribution in various fractions and its replenishment through external sources to meet the plant demand. However, understanding of B availability in soils under long-term manuring remains inconsistent. Therefore, this study explores the mechanism governing B availability in a <i>Typic Haplustept</i> of the Indo-Gangetic alluvial plains under a rice–wheat system after 18&#xa0;years of continuous manuring. Available B in soil was extracted by hot-CaCl<sub>2</sub> (HCC), mannitol-CaCl<sub>2</sub> (MCC) and salicylic acid (SA) at three soil depths i.e. 0–15, 15–30 and 30–45&#xa0;cm. In addition, five B fractions <i>viz</i>., readily soluble B (Rs-B), specifically adsorbed B (Sa-B), oxide bound B (Ox-B), organically bound B (Org-B) and residual B (R-B) were sequentially extracted from the surface (0–15&#xa0;cm) soil. The long-term manuring increased HCC, MCC and SA extractable B by 20.1%, 19.6% and 14.8% at 0–15&#xa0;cm depth, respectively, over the control. Organic treatment increased Sa-B and Org-B in soil and enhanced B uptake by rice and wheat compared to the control. Continuous application of organic materials sustained B availability in the soil by supplying additional B (15.0–55.1&#xa0;mg&#xa0;kg<sup>−1</sup>) and mobilizing B from mineral fractions (Ox-B) to available forms. Farmyard manure (FYM), applied alone or in combination, enhanced soil B availability, while its combined application with green manure (GM), and biofertilizer in both rice and wheat (FGB–RW) was most effective in improving B nutrition and yield, followed by FYM + GM (FG–RW) and FYM–RW. The HCC emerged as the best extractant, for the estimation of plant-available B in this soil under long-term cultivation of rice–wheat cropping with organic inputs.</p>

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Long-term manuring influences boron availability in an Inceptisol under rice–wheat cropping system

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月11日

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  • Prince Kumar,
  • Ruma Das,
  • Dibyendu Sarkar,
  • Mandira Barman,
  • Abir Dey,
  • Y. S. Shivay,
  • Mayurakshi Chanda,
  • Shrila Das,
  • S. P. Datta

摘要

Available soil boron (B) in agro-ecosystem primarily depends on its distribution in various fractions and its replenishment through external sources to meet the plant demand. However, understanding of B availability in soils under long-term manuring remains inconsistent. Therefore, this study explores the mechanism governing B availability in a Typic Haplustept of the Indo-Gangetic alluvial plains under a rice–wheat system after 18 years of continuous manuring. Available B in soil was extracted by hot-CaCl2 (HCC), mannitol-CaCl2 (MCC) and salicylic acid (SA) at three soil depths i.e. 0–15, 15–30 and 30–45 cm. In addition, five B fractions viz., readily soluble B (Rs-B), specifically adsorbed B (Sa-B), oxide bound B (Ox-B), organically bound B (Org-B) and residual B (R-B) were sequentially extracted from the surface (0–15 cm) soil. The long-term manuring increased HCC, MCC and SA extractable B by 20.1%, 19.6% and 14.8% at 0–15 cm depth, respectively, over the control. Organic treatment increased Sa-B and Org-B in soil and enhanced B uptake by rice and wheat compared to the control. Continuous application of organic materials sustained B availability in the soil by supplying additional B (15.0–55.1 mg kg−1) and mobilizing B from mineral fractions (Ox-B) to available forms. Farmyard manure (FYM), applied alone or in combination, enhanced soil B availability, while its combined application with green manure (GM), and biofertilizer in both rice and wheat (FGB–RW) was most effective in improving B nutrition and yield, followed by FYM + GM (FG–RW) and FYM–RW. The HCC emerged as the best extractant, for the estimation of plant-available B in this soil under long-term cultivation of rice–wheat cropping with organic inputs.