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<p>Cold region agroecosystems are key sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, particularly from fertilizer-induced microbial activity during the growing season. However, non-growing season emissions remain under characterized. We monitored carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), and nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) emissions from soils treated with nitrogen fertilizer and biobased residues including composted food waste, hydrolyzed biosolids, and anaerobic digestate over 3 years in Ontario, Canada. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied annually, while residues were applied in the first and third years. Overall, N<sub>2</sub>O cumulative emissions were highest with compost, and CH<sub>4</sub> emissions were elevated under nitrogen fertilizer, while CO<sub>2</sub> emissions remained statistically similar across treatments (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). During the non-growing season, N fertilizer plots exhibited significantly higher CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) compared to biobased residues, accounting for 10–91% of annual emissions, depending on year and treatment. Soil temperature, moisture, nitrate, ammonium, and electrical conductivity explained 5–67% of emission variability across seasons. These results emphasize the importance of year-round nutrient cycling and freeze–thaw dynamics in shaping GHG emissions and highlight the potential of biobased amendments to influence off-season emissions in managed soils.</p>

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Greenhouse gas emissions from biobased versus mineral fertilizers in a cold-region agroecosystem

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月12日

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  • Emmanuel A. Badewa,
  • Fereidoun Rezanezhad,
  • Maren Oelbermann

摘要

Cold region agroecosystems are key sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, particularly from fertilizer-induced microbial activity during the growing season. However, non-growing season emissions remain under characterized. We monitored carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from soils treated with nitrogen fertilizer and biobased residues including composted food waste, hydrolyzed biosolids, and anaerobic digestate over 3 years in Ontario, Canada. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied annually, while residues were applied in the first and third years. Overall, N2O cumulative emissions were highest with compost, and CH4 emissions were elevated under nitrogen fertilizer, while CO2 emissions remained statistically similar across treatments (p > 0.05). During the non-growing season, N fertilizer plots exhibited significantly higher CH4 and N2O emissions (p < 0.05) compared to biobased residues, accounting for 10–91% of annual emissions, depending on year and treatment. Soil temperature, moisture, nitrate, ammonium, and electrical conductivity explained 5–67% of emission variability across seasons. These results emphasize the importance of year-round nutrient cycling and freeze–thaw dynamics in shaping GHG emissions and highlight the potential of biobased amendments to influence off-season emissions in managed soils.