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<p>Crop yield response to secondary nutrient sulfur (S) and micronutrient zinc (Zn) has been extensively studied, yet inconsistent results and a lack of context-specific guidelines limit widespread adoption. We conducted a meta-analysis of 152 data points from 27 studies to quantify the impact of S and Zn separately and in combination on maize, rice, and wheat grain yields. Using standard mean difference (SMD) as the effect size metric, S and Zn application significantly improved yields across all crops (SMD = 1.043, 95% confidence interval: 0.891–1.194, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), with no significant differences among species. The greatest yield gain was observed under S + Zn (SMD = 1.797), especially without nitrogen (SMD = 2.115), while co-application with N had no significant effect (SMD = 0.614). Yield was 8.55% higher with single-dose versus split application, though not statistically significant. Early and mid-season application (SMD = 1.245) outperformed three-stage application (SMD = 0.465). Zinc sulfate (SMD = 1.036) and ammonium sulfate (SMD = 2.173) were the most effective Zn and S sources, respectively. Yield responses were stronger on medium- and coarse-textured soils and under hot climates. While the highest yield gain was generally observed under S + Zn application without nitrogen, this outcome may reflect specific experimental conditions rather than a universally optimal strategy. These results identify global trends in yield responses to S and Zn and underscore the importance of soil, climate, nutrient combinations, and timing. However, because most studies were conducted under nutrient-deficient conditions, yield gains under more fertile or less responsive conditions could be overestimated.</p>

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Global-scale meta-analysis reveals enhanced cereal yields through sulfur and zinc fertilization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月16日

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  • Jacques Fils Pierre,
  • Guillaume Kodjovi Ezui,
  • Latha Nagarajan,
  • Upendra Singh,
  • Kiran Pavuluri,
  • Yam Gaihre,
  • Roberto Rafael Ruiz-Santiago,
  • Mulugeta Demiss,
  • Brian Mulenga,
  • Wilgince Apollon,
  • Zachary P. Stewart,
  • Jagadish Timsina

摘要

Crop yield response to secondary nutrient sulfur (S) and micronutrient zinc (Zn) has been extensively studied, yet inconsistent results and a lack of context-specific guidelines limit widespread adoption. We conducted a meta-analysis of 152 data points from 27 studies to quantify the impact of S and Zn separately and in combination on maize, rice, and wheat grain yields. Using standard mean difference (SMD) as the effect size metric, S and Zn application significantly improved yields across all crops (SMD = 1.043, 95% confidence interval: 0.891–1.194, p < 0.001), with no significant differences among species. The greatest yield gain was observed under S + Zn (SMD = 1.797), especially without nitrogen (SMD = 2.115), while co-application with N had no significant effect (SMD = 0.614). Yield was 8.55% higher with single-dose versus split application, though not statistically significant. Early and mid-season application (SMD = 1.245) outperformed three-stage application (SMD = 0.465). Zinc sulfate (SMD = 1.036) and ammonium sulfate (SMD = 2.173) were the most effective Zn and S sources, respectively. Yield responses were stronger on medium- and coarse-textured soils and under hot climates. While the highest yield gain was generally observed under S + Zn application without nitrogen, this outcome may reflect specific experimental conditions rather than a universally optimal strategy. These results identify global trends in yield responses to S and Zn and underscore the importance of soil, climate, nutrient combinations, and timing. However, because most studies were conducted under nutrient-deficient conditions, yield gains under more fertile or less responsive conditions could be overestimated.