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<p>Given biochar’s capacity for adsorbing ammonium, its addition to liquid organic fertilizer is a potential strategy to reduce ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) volatilization. To investigate the effect of biochar produced from wood chips on NH<sub>3</sub> emissions from field-applied liquid organic fertilizers (cattle slurry and anaerobic digestate), NH<sub>3</sub> volatilization was measured at three different sites over two or four years using the dynamic chamber Dräger-Tube Method. The organic compound leonardite was also tested as additive to digestate for NH<sub>3</sub> emission reduction. To offset its alkalinity, biochar was also mixed with the acidic organic compound whey before addition to slurry. Biochar, whey, and leonardite were mixed with liquid organic fertilizers four weeks before application. Two biochar application rates (500 and 1000&#xa0;kg&#xa0;ha<sup>−1</sup>&#xa0;yr<sup>−1</sup> biochar carbon) from two distinct pyrolysis processes were tested. The measurements were conducted in existing multi-year field trials on grassland and arable land reflecting typical biochar farm practices. Liquid organic fertilizers were applied by either soil incorporation, trailing hose, or trailing shoe. In the arable crop rotation, ammonia emissions from cattle slurry without additives over four years (6.7, 35.6, 45.1, and 4.1% of total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) applied) were significantly lower than respective emissions from treatments with biochar addition (13.8, 43.5, 48.7, 4.9 and 13.7, 43.9, 51.7, 6.2% of TAN applied). In the grassland, NH<sub>3</sub> volatilization from cattle slurry measured over two years (20.2 and 29.1% of TAN applied) was significantly increased in the second trial year due to biochar admixture (17.6 and 39.8% of TAN applied), irrespective of whey addition. Ammonia volatilization from digestate application to arable land (19.8 and 26.1% of TAN applied) was also significantly lower compared to digestate with biochar addition in the second trial year (19.3 and 29.8% of TAN applied). Leonardite addition to digestate had no effect on NH<sub>3</sub> losses following field application. Ammonia emissions were higher after biochar addition, irrespective of the biochar production process, mainly at high application rates. The data suggest that the reduced infiltration of slurry liquid into the soil, resulting from the elevated slurry dry matter content and viscosity, was the primary factor contributing to the observed increase in NH<sub>3</sub> volatilization.</p>

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Does woody biochar mixed with liquid organic fertilizer reduce ammonia volatilization following field application?

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月10日

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  • Thomas Sixt,
  • Andreas Pacholski,
  • Felizitas Winkhart,
  • Emanuel Jaufmann,
  • Harald Schmid,
  • Kurt-Jürgen Hülsbergen

摘要

Given biochar’s capacity for adsorbing ammonium, its addition to liquid organic fertilizer is a potential strategy to reduce ammonia (NH3) volatilization. To investigate the effect of biochar produced from wood chips on NH3 emissions from field-applied liquid organic fertilizers (cattle slurry and anaerobic digestate), NH3 volatilization was measured at three different sites over two or four years using the dynamic chamber Dräger-Tube Method. The organic compound leonardite was also tested as additive to digestate for NH3 emission reduction. To offset its alkalinity, biochar was also mixed with the acidic organic compound whey before addition to slurry. Biochar, whey, and leonardite were mixed with liquid organic fertilizers four weeks before application. Two biochar application rates (500 and 1000 kg ha−1 yr−1 biochar carbon) from two distinct pyrolysis processes were tested. The measurements were conducted in existing multi-year field trials on grassland and arable land reflecting typical biochar farm practices. Liquid organic fertilizers were applied by either soil incorporation, trailing hose, or trailing shoe. In the arable crop rotation, ammonia emissions from cattle slurry without additives over four years (6.7, 35.6, 45.1, and 4.1% of total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) applied) were significantly lower than respective emissions from treatments with biochar addition (13.8, 43.5, 48.7, 4.9 and 13.7, 43.9, 51.7, 6.2% of TAN applied). In the grassland, NH3 volatilization from cattle slurry measured over two years (20.2 and 29.1% of TAN applied) was significantly increased in the second trial year due to biochar admixture (17.6 and 39.8% of TAN applied), irrespective of whey addition. Ammonia volatilization from digestate application to arable land (19.8 and 26.1% of TAN applied) was also significantly lower compared to digestate with biochar addition in the second trial year (19.3 and 29.8% of TAN applied). Leonardite addition to digestate had no effect on NH3 losses following field application. Ammonia emissions were higher after biochar addition, irrespective of the biochar production process, mainly at high application rates. The data suggest that the reduced infiltration of slurry liquid into the soil, resulting from the elevated slurry dry matter content and viscosity, was the primary factor contributing to the observed increase in NH3 volatilization.