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<p>Potassium (K) is an indispensable nutrient for enhancing both the quality and yield of rice crops. Optimizing K management in paddy fields is crucial for boosting crop production, reducing K losses and improving K utilization. A 2&#xa0;year field experiment with five K levels (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200&#xa0;kg&#xa0;ha<sup>–1</sup>, designated as K<sub>0</sub>, K<sub>50</sub>, K<sub>100</sub>, K<sub>150</sub>, and K<sub>200</sub>) was conducted to study the effects of K fertilization on K concentration in field ponding water (FPW), soil K content and K uptake by rice for maximizing K utilization. Results&#xa0;(average for 2&#xa0;years) indicated that compared with K<sub>0</sub>, K fertilization increased rice yield and K uptake by 18–32% and 80–339%, respectively. Rapid K accumulation occurred 20–60&#xa0;days after transplanting, accounting for 68–73% of maximum uptake across different application rates. The NH<sub>4</sub>OAc-extractable soil K content increased with K fertilization from 0 to 20&#xa0;days after transplanting, and peaked at the prime tillering stage. Compared with K<sub>0</sub>, the NH<sub>4</sub>OAc-extractable soil K content increased by an average of 41–117% across all other K treatments. K fertilization increased K concentration in the FPW, peaking on the first day after application and gradually decreasing. The first 10&#xa0;days post-fertilization were critical for controlling K losses through surface runoff. It is recommended to improve K utilization through optimizing K fertilizer application rates, timing of fertilizer application and water management in paddy fields.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Dynamics of potassium concentration in paddy field water, soil and plant affected by potassium fertilizer levels

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月1日

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  • Ziyi Gao,
  • Tinghong Ye,
  • Xin Cui,
  • Jianwei Lu,
  • Tao Ren,
  • Rihuan Cong,
  • Zhifeng Lu,
  • Yangyang Zhang,
  • Shipeng Liao,
  • Xiaokun Li

摘要

Potassium (K) is an indispensable nutrient for enhancing both the quality and yield of rice crops. Optimizing K management in paddy fields is crucial for boosting crop production, reducing K losses and improving K utilization. A 2 year field experiment with five K levels (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha–1, designated as K0, K50, K100, K150, and K200) was conducted to study the effects of K fertilization on K concentration in field ponding water (FPW), soil K content and K uptake by rice for maximizing K utilization. Results (average for 2 years) indicated that compared with K0, K fertilization increased rice yield and K uptake by 18–32% and 80–339%, respectively. Rapid K accumulation occurred 20–60 days after transplanting, accounting for 68–73% of maximum uptake across different application rates. The NH4OAc-extractable soil K content increased with K fertilization from 0 to 20 days after transplanting, and peaked at the prime tillering stage. Compared with K0, the NH4OAc-extractable soil K content increased by an average of 41–117% across all other K treatments. K fertilization increased K concentration in the FPW, peaking on the first day after application and gradually decreasing. The first 10 days post-fertilization were critical for controlling K losses through surface runoff. It is recommended to improve K utilization through optimizing K fertilizer application rates, timing of fertilizer application and water management in paddy fields.

Graphical abstract