<p>Adipose tissue functions as a metabolic energy source, supporting fish growth, reproduction, embryonic development, and swimming. However, the metabolic changes of adipose tissue in cold-water fish under cold acclimation is still limited. In this study, we found that long-term (30&#xa0;days) cold acclimation reduced adipocytes size and visceral fat mass. In addition, cold acclimation–induced lipolysis was faster than lipogenesis. Furthermore, liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer (LC–MS) technology was used to provide a comprehensive lipidomic profiles of visceral adipose tissue induced by cold acclimation in <i>S. prenanti</i>. We found that a total of 1651 lipid species were significantly altered in visceral adipose tissue due to cold acclimation, of which 1030 were up-regulated and 621 were downregulated. Notably, cold acclimation substantially altered both the acyl chain composition of triacylglycerols (TG) and the metabolism of glycerophospholipids in visceral adipose tissue. Furthermore, cold acclimation promotes the fatty acid desaturation and glycerophospholipid metabolism of the visceral adipose tissue in the <i>S. prenanti</i>. This study offers evidence for the impact of long-term cold acclimation on the adjustment changes in lipid composition and lipid metabolic pathways in the visceral adipose tissue of <i>S. prenanti</i>.</p>