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<p>Our study investigated the toxicological effects of aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-NPs) and the potential protective role of dietary nano-curcumin (N-CUR) in juvenile <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> (30.39 ± 0.05 g) under controlled experimental conditions. It was hypothesized that N-CUR could mitigate the adverse impacts of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-NPs on growth, biochemical, oxidative, and histopathological parameters. A total of 180 <i>O. niloticus</i> were divided into six groups: a control group, two N-CUR-supplemented diets (40 and 50 mg/kg), an Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-NP-exposed group (10 mg/L), and two co-treated groups receiving both treatments for 4 weeks. Growth performance, biochemical, immunological, antioxidant, and histopathological parameters were assessed. Exposure to Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-NPs markedly reduced growth indices and survivability while elevating ALT activity and pro-inflammatory gene expression (TNFα, IL1β, MT). Antioxidant genes (CAT and SOD) were significantly downregulated, and histopathological lesions, including hyperemia, hyperplasia, and vacuolization, were evident. Conversely, N-CUR co-supplementation significantly improved growth (14.5%–46.1%), feed efficiency (46.7%–74.1%), and specific growth rate (219%–605%). It also reduced ALT (37.7%–40.1%) and enhanced albumin, A/G ratio, and IgM levels (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Overall, these findings indicate that dietary N-CUR attenuated Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-NP-induced oxidative and inflammatory stress, thereby improving the biochemical and histological health of <i>O. niloticus</i>. Hence, these outcomes provide a mechanistic proof of dietary N-CUR’s protective role against toxicity induced by Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-NPs, indicating the need for further investigation in exposure scenarios that are relevant to the environment.</p>

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Nano-curcumin mitigates aluminum oxide nanoparticle toxicity in Nile tilapia through antioxidant and immune modulation

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月11日

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  • Sahr B. Mahmoud,
  • Maha M. Rashad,
  • Ghada E. Ali,
  • Eman Ragab,
  • Omaima Ahmed,
  • Fady Sayed Youssef,
  • Ola Hasan Abd El Megeed

摘要

Our study investigated the toxicological effects of aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3-NPs) and the potential protective role of dietary nano-curcumin (N-CUR) in juvenile Oreochromis niloticus (30.39 ± 0.05 g) under controlled experimental conditions. It was hypothesized that N-CUR could mitigate the adverse impacts of Al2O3-NPs on growth, biochemical, oxidative, and histopathological parameters. A total of 180 O. niloticus were divided into six groups: a control group, two N-CUR-supplemented diets (40 and 50 mg/kg), an Al2O3-NP-exposed group (10 mg/L), and two co-treated groups receiving both treatments for 4 weeks. Growth performance, biochemical, immunological, antioxidant, and histopathological parameters were assessed. Exposure to Al2O3-NPs markedly reduced growth indices and survivability while elevating ALT activity and pro-inflammatory gene expression (TNFα, IL1β, MT). Antioxidant genes (CAT and SOD) were significantly downregulated, and histopathological lesions, including hyperemia, hyperplasia, and vacuolization, were evident. Conversely, N-CUR co-supplementation significantly improved growth (14.5%–46.1%), feed efficiency (46.7%–74.1%), and specific growth rate (219%–605%). It also reduced ALT (37.7%–40.1%) and enhanced albumin, A/G ratio, and IgM levels (P < 0.05). Overall, these findings indicate that dietary N-CUR attenuated Al2O3-NP-induced oxidative and inflammatory stress, thereby improving the biochemical and histological health of O. niloticus. Hence, these outcomes provide a mechanistic proof of dietary N-CUR’s protective role against toxicity induced by Al2O3-NPs, indicating the need for further investigation in exposure scenarios that are relevant to the environment.