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<p>This study investigated the prophylactic effects of dietary supplementation with <i>Azadirachta indica</i> (neem) and <i>Moringa oleifera</i> (drumstick) bark against aluminum toxicity in juvenile <i>Labeo rohita</i>. The 60-day experiment consisted of a 45-day pre-exposure supplementation period followed by a 15-day aluminum challenge. Fish (initial weight, 12.5 ± 1.8&#xa0;g) were randomly distributed into five treatment groups: a control without aluminum exposure, a control with aluminum exposure, and three experimental groups exposed to aluminum while receiving diets supplemented with either neem bark powder (1% w/w), <i>Moringa</i> bark powder (1% w/w), or their combination (1:1 ratio, 1% w/w). Fish were sampled on days 0, 15, 30, and 45 during pre-exposure and on days 7 and 15 during aluminum exposure (8.56&#xa0;mg/L). Combined bark supplementation demonstrated superior protective effects during aluminum exposure, maintaining significantly higher specific growth rate (2.15 ± 0.12%) compared to the aluminum-exposed control (1.12 ± 0.15%). The combined treatment also preserved hemoglobin levels (7.8 ± 0.4&#xa0;g/dL vs. 5.2 ± 0.4&#xa0;g/dL in the aluminum-exposed control) and antioxidant enzyme activities, with superoxide dismutase maintaining near-normal levels (38.6 ± 2.1 U/mg protein vs. 15.2 ± 1.8 U/mg protein in the aluminum-exposed control) at day 15 of exposure. Combined bark treatment significantly reduced aluminum accumulation in gill (118.4 ± 10.2&#xa0;µg/g vs. 245.6 ± 18.4&#xa0;µg/g), liver (75.6 ± 8.4&#xa0;µg/g vs. 158.2 ± 12.6&#xa0;µg/g), and muscle (20.4 ± 3.2&#xa0;µg/g vs. 42.5 ± 4.8&#xa0;µg/g) compared to the aluminum-exposed control. These findings demonstrate that prophylactic dietary supplementation with combined neem and <i>Moringa</i> bark effectively mitigates aluminum toxicity in <i>Labeo rohita</i> by reducing metal bioaccumulation, preserving antioxidant defenses, and maintaining growth performance, offering a practical and sustainable strategy for protecting cultured fish in aluminum-contaminated aquaculture systems.</p>

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Prophylactic dietary supplementation with Azadirachta indica and Moringa oleifera bark mitigates aluminum-induced oxidative stress in Labeo rohita

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月4日

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  • Chandan Debnath

摘要

This study investigated the prophylactic effects of dietary supplementation with Azadirachta indica (neem) and Moringa oleifera (drumstick) bark against aluminum toxicity in juvenile Labeo rohita. The 60-day experiment consisted of a 45-day pre-exposure supplementation period followed by a 15-day aluminum challenge. Fish (initial weight, 12.5 ± 1.8 g) were randomly distributed into five treatment groups: a control without aluminum exposure, a control with aluminum exposure, and three experimental groups exposed to aluminum while receiving diets supplemented with either neem bark powder (1% w/w), Moringa bark powder (1% w/w), or their combination (1:1 ratio, 1% w/w). Fish were sampled on days 0, 15, 30, and 45 during pre-exposure and on days 7 and 15 during aluminum exposure (8.56 mg/L). Combined bark supplementation demonstrated superior protective effects during aluminum exposure, maintaining significantly higher specific growth rate (2.15 ± 0.12%) compared to the aluminum-exposed control (1.12 ± 0.15%). The combined treatment also preserved hemoglobin levels (7.8 ± 0.4 g/dL vs. 5.2 ± 0.4 g/dL in the aluminum-exposed control) and antioxidant enzyme activities, with superoxide dismutase maintaining near-normal levels (38.6 ± 2.1 U/mg protein vs. 15.2 ± 1.8 U/mg protein in the aluminum-exposed control) at day 15 of exposure. Combined bark treatment significantly reduced aluminum accumulation in gill (118.4 ± 10.2 µg/g vs. 245.6 ± 18.4 µg/g), liver (75.6 ± 8.4 µg/g vs. 158.2 ± 12.6 µg/g), and muscle (20.4 ± 3.2 µg/g vs. 42.5 ± 4.8 µg/g) compared to the aluminum-exposed control. These findings demonstrate that prophylactic dietary supplementation with combined neem and Moringa bark effectively mitigates aluminum toxicity in Labeo rohita by reducing metal bioaccumulation, preserving antioxidant defenses, and maintaining growth performance, offering a practical and sustainable strategy for protecting cultured fish in aluminum-contaminated aquaculture systems.