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<p>Heavy metal pollution poses a significant threat to the growth and health of fish, causing substantial economic losses in aquaculture. This study investigates the toxic effects of Cr<sup>6+</sup> on the liver of Largemouth bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>). Juvenile Largemouth bass were randomly divided into a control group (CON) and a chromium stress group (Cr<sup>6+</sup>), and subjected to a 96-h exposure test with Cr<sup>6+</sup> at 96-h LC<sub>50</sub> concentration. The results showed that in the Cr<sup>6+</sup> group, liver cell nuclei were condensed, cells exhibited vacuolation, liver sinusoidal spaces were enlarged, and cell contours were unclear. Compared to the CON group, the Cr<sup>6+</sup> group had significantly reduced activities of liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT), with a significant decrease in T-AOC levels and a significant increase in MDA content (<i>p</i> &lt; <i>0.05</i>). Additionally, the relative mRNA expression levels of <i>CAT</i>, <i>SOD</i>, and <i>GSH-Px</i> were significantly decreased in the Cr<sup>6+</sup> group (<i>p</i> &lt; <i>0.0</i>5). The <i>Nrf2-Keap1</i> Signal Pathway showed a significant increase in the relative mRNA expression of <i>Nrf2</i> and a significant decrease in the relative mRNA expression of <i>Keap</i>1 in the Cr<sup>6+</sup> group (<i>p</i> &lt; <i>0.05</i>). Furthermore, inflammatory response, apoptosis, and DNA damage were observed in the liver of Largemouth bass: the relative mRNA expression levels of <i>interleukin-1β</i> (<i>IL-1β</i>), <i>interleukin-8</i> (<i>IL-8</i>), <i>interleukin-15</i> (<i>IL-15</i>), and <i>tumor necrosis factor-α</i> (<i>TNF-α</i>) were significantly increased in the Cr6 + group (<i>p</i> &lt; <i>0.05</i>); the relative mRNA expression levels of <i>Caspase-3</i>, <i>Caspase-8</i>, <i>Caspase-9</i>, and <i>Bax</i> were significantly increased, while the <i>Bcl-2</i> was significantly decreased; Tail length, Tail DNA (%), and Olive tail moment of liver cells were significantly increased (p &lt; 0.05). In summary, Cr<sup>6+</sup> induces oxidative stress, inflammatory response, apoptosis, and DNA damage in the liver of Largemouth bass by inhibiting the <i>Nrf2-Keap1</i> signal pathway, thus affecting the health of the fish.</p>

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Hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) induces oxidative stress, inflammatory response, apoptosis, and DNA damage in the liver of largemouth bass by inhibiting the Nrf2-Keap1 signal pathway

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月24日

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  • Xinhong Zhou,
  • Xiaofei Yang,
  • Xinyue Liu,
  • Li Jiang,
  • Yilong Jiang

摘要

Heavy metal pollution poses a significant threat to the growth and health of fish, causing substantial economic losses in aquaculture. This study investigates the toxic effects of Cr6+ on the liver of Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Juvenile Largemouth bass were randomly divided into a control group (CON) and a chromium stress group (Cr6+), and subjected to a 96-h exposure test with Cr6+ at 96-h LC50 concentration. The results showed that in the Cr6+ group, liver cell nuclei were condensed, cells exhibited vacuolation, liver sinusoidal spaces were enlarged, and cell contours were unclear. Compared to the CON group, the Cr6+ group had significantly reduced activities of liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT), with a significant decrease in T-AOC levels and a significant increase in MDA content (p < 0.05). Additionally, the relative mRNA expression levels of CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px were significantly decreased in the Cr6+ group (p < 0.05). The Nrf2-Keap1 Signal Pathway showed a significant increase in the relative mRNA expression of Nrf2 and a significant decrease in the relative mRNA expression of Keap1 in the Cr6+ group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, inflammatory response, apoptosis, and DNA damage were observed in the liver of Largemouth bass: the relative mRNA expression levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-15 (IL-15), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were significantly increased in the Cr6 + group (p < 0.05); the relative mRNA expression levels of Caspase-3, Caspase-8, Caspase-9, and Bax were significantly increased, while the Bcl-2 was significantly decreased; Tail length, Tail DNA (%), and Olive tail moment of liver cells were significantly increased (p < 0.05). In summary, Cr6+ induces oxidative stress, inflammatory response, apoptosis, and DNA damage in the liver of Largemouth bass by inhibiting the Nrf2-Keap1 signal pathway, thus affecting the health of the fish.