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<p>Immersion liquid cooling has garnered significant interest in electrochemical energy storage applications owing to its superior thermal dissipation efficiency and low energy consumption. Nevertheless, the potential safety hazards induced by electrolyte leakage remain a critical concern. In the study, electrolyte was introduced into ester-based immersion liquid coolant (EIC) as an additive to systematically investigate the influence on coolant stability and fire safety. The incorporation of electrolyte significantly compromised the stability of the coolant. Notably, the acid value of the EIC composite with 4 wt% electrolyte (EIC/E-4) surged from 0.0050 to 0.0122&#xa0;mg KOH/g. Moreover, the flash point and ignition point of EIC/E-4 dropped sharply by 144.9 ℃ and 26.5 ℃, underscoring a pronounced enhancement in flammability. Combustion behavior assessments further revealed a drastic increase in mass loss rate, shortened burning duration, and elevated flame height and spread area. Product analysis elucidated that the carbonate solvents and LiPF<sub>6</sub> in the electrolyte exerted competing combustion-alleviating and combustion-inhibiting effects, respectively. Consequently, the work provides a new perspective for the safety implications of immersion liquid cooling for large-scale energy storage systems.</p>

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Electrolyte-Induced Compromises in Stability and Fire Safety of Ester-Based Immersed Liquid Coolant: Mechanisms and a Preliminary Exploration of Mitigation Strategies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月26日

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  • Jinyong Ren,
  • Jiaxin Guo,
  • Yaohong Zhao,
  • Yihua Qian,
  • Dan Wang,
  • Ying Tao,
  • Ping Ping,
  • Depeng Kong

摘要

Immersion liquid cooling has garnered significant interest in electrochemical energy storage applications owing to its superior thermal dissipation efficiency and low energy consumption. Nevertheless, the potential safety hazards induced by electrolyte leakage remain a critical concern. In the study, electrolyte was introduced into ester-based immersion liquid coolant (EIC) as an additive to systematically investigate the influence on coolant stability and fire safety. The incorporation of electrolyte significantly compromised the stability of the coolant. Notably, the acid value of the EIC composite with 4 wt% electrolyte (EIC/E-4) surged from 0.0050 to 0.0122 mg KOH/g. Moreover, the flash point and ignition point of EIC/E-4 dropped sharply by 144.9 ℃ and 26.5 ℃, underscoring a pronounced enhancement in flammability. Combustion behavior assessments further revealed a drastic increase in mass loss rate, shortened burning duration, and elevated flame height and spread area. Product analysis elucidated that the carbonate solvents and LiPF6 in the electrolyte exerted competing combustion-alleviating and combustion-inhibiting effects, respectively. Consequently, the work provides a new perspective for the safety implications of immersion liquid cooling for large-scale energy storage systems.