<p>This study investigates fire hazards in urban historic districts, which arise from high population density, aging electrical infrastructure, and inadequate urban facilities. Representative historic districts with densely concentrated populations were selected as the focus of the research. We propose a comprehensive quantitative framework for assessing fire risks in large historic areas. This framework combines the fire risk index method with fire dynamics simulations performed in PyroSim (a pre-processing tool for FDS) and spatial analysis using ArcGIS. The process, unlike the traditional method, which only considers individual buildings, combines structure and street indices, takes into account different land use attributes, and introduces a correction coefficient (I_{(b + f)}, SR_f) in an attempt to solve the problem that the original method can only evaluate the structures themselves. According to the Building Fire Risk Index, 41.7% of the Historic Quarter is high-risk, and 58.2% is medium-risk. The percentage of areas with a high risk of fire spread and fire spread to the street is 41.6%, and 33.3% for medium risk. Introducing building densities and floor area ratios, it was found that 40% of commercial areas and 33.3% of mixed-use public regions were at high risk of fire based on the building and street risk scores. By quantitatively analysing the fire risk in historic districts, the methodology helps develop effective strategies to optimise their fire emergency management.</p>