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<p>In recent years, the frequent occurrence of industrial oil pool fires, characterized by high temperatures and prolonged combustion, has posed significant challenges to fire prevention and control. Particularly in confined spaces, inadequate ventilation results in heat accumulation, a factor exerting dual impacts on fire suppression: it can facilitate water droplet evaporation to dilute oxygen while potentially rendering conventional fire suppression methods largely ineffective without targeted intervention. This consequently necessitates the development of new, high-efficiency extinguishing technologies. In this study, a strategy of stepwise optimization and synergistic combination is adopted to systematically explore the performance-enhancing mechanisms of water mist (WM) additives and develop a highly efficient and eco-friendly composite fire suppression system.The research first employed orthogonal experiments to optimize the blending ratio of silicone-based and hydrocarbon-based surfactants, ultimately determining the optimal formulation (0.07% H241, 0.25% SDS, and 0.25% BS-12), which significantly improved the wetting and spreading capabilities of the WM. Subsequently, salt-based additives were introduced to compare the fire suppression performance between composite salts and single salts. The results demonstrated that composite salts exhibited markedly superior synergistic enhancement effects. Based on these findings, a composite fire suppression system was developed, combining surfactants (0.07% H241, 0.25% SDS, 0.25% BS-12) with composite salts (2% MCA, 1% KCl). Experimental data revealed that this system achieved a more than fivefold improvement in extinguishing efficiency compared to conventional pure WM, while maintaining excellent environmental compatibility. This study not only provides an effective solution for oil fire suppression in confined spaces but also establishes a theoretical and experimental foundation for the development of high-performance, eco-friendly fire extinguishing technologies. The developed composite additive WM system integrates outstanding fire suppression efficiency with environmental friendliness, demonstrating broad application prospects in industrial fire protection and related fields.</p>

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Experimental Study on Enhancing Low-pressure Fine Water Mist with Surfactant Salt Composite Additives to Suppress Oil Fires in Confined Spaces

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月2日

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  • Shun Wang,
  • Zhi-Xiang Xing,
  • Long-Tai Qi,
  • Ye-Cheng Liu

摘要

In recent years, the frequent occurrence of industrial oil pool fires, characterized by high temperatures and prolonged combustion, has posed significant challenges to fire prevention and control. Particularly in confined spaces, inadequate ventilation results in heat accumulation, a factor exerting dual impacts on fire suppression: it can facilitate water droplet evaporation to dilute oxygen while potentially rendering conventional fire suppression methods largely ineffective without targeted intervention. This consequently necessitates the development of new, high-efficiency extinguishing technologies. In this study, a strategy of stepwise optimization and synergistic combination is adopted to systematically explore the performance-enhancing mechanisms of water mist (WM) additives and develop a highly efficient and eco-friendly composite fire suppression system.The research first employed orthogonal experiments to optimize the blending ratio of silicone-based and hydrocarbon-based surfactants, ultimately determining the optimal formulation (0.07% H241, 0.25% SDS, and 0.25% BS-12), which significantly improved the wetting and spreading capabilities of the WM. Subsequently, salt-based additives were introduced to compare the fire suppression performance between composite salts and single salts. The results demonstrated that composite salts exhibited markedly superior synergistic enhancement effects. Based on these findings, a composite fire suppression system was developed, combining surfactants (0.07% H241, 0.25% SDS, 0.25% BS-12) with composite salts (2% MCA, 1% KCl). Experimental data revealed that this system achieved a more than fivefold improvement in extinguishing efficiency compared to conventional pure WM, while maintaining excellent environmental compatibility. This study not only provides an effective solution for oil fire suppression in confined spaces but also establishes a theoretical and experimental foundation for the development of high-performance, eco-friendly fire extinguishing technologies. The developed composite additive WM system integrates outstanding fire suppression efficiency with environmental friendliness, demonstrating broad application prospects in industrial fire protection and related fields.