<p>A better knowledge of the characteristics of both fire and non-fire particles is crucial for improving the performance of existing detectors. Numerical simulations are important methods for unveiling the scattering behavior of particles. However, previous numerical studies have poor agreements with the experimental results owing to their single-particle assumptions. In this study, morphology models of water droplets, n-heptane soot, and loess dust particles were constructed based on SEM analysis. The light scattering matrices of these three particle populations were then calculated using the discretization-integration method. Furthermore, an orthogonal design was used to quantitatively analyze the effects of particle diameter, morphology, and refractive index on light scattering. The result showed that the discretization-integration method can successfully simulate the bulk scattering matrices for different particle populations. A monomer-particle model with log-normal distribution was proposed, which can better simulate the bulk scattering matrix of n-heptane soot particles. The influence of physical parameters on the light scattering at a certain wavelength decreased in the following order: particle radius &gt; refractive index (imaginary part) &gt; refractive index (real part) &gt; particle morphology. This work is helpful for improving light scattering simulations and thus the detection of smoke from fires.</p>