Structural Irregularity of Cellulose-Containing Multilayered Composites
摘要
Multilayered fibrous composites, particularly cardboard, have a complicated macrostructure including various types of fibers and chemical components (mineral fillers, glues, flocculants, dyes, etc.). The last to various degrees affect the mutual positioning of the fibers. The material properties are determined by the macrostructure formed upon interaction of the fibers during the production process and the spatial stacking in the cellulose-containing composite. The main cause of structural irregularity of a fibrous composite is the tendency of the fibers to form floccules during preparation of the fibrous suspension. Multilayered formation is one of the main directions for increasing structural uniformity. Research results showed that the uniformity improved if a fibrous material of mass 120 g/m2 was separated into layers. The most effective two-layered formation is used mainly to produce cardboard liner using the basic types of intermediates. Formation of a cardboard sheet in three layers decreases less the nonuniformity in transmission. Adding a fourth layer not only does not change it but also can have a negative effect on the regularity of the fiber distribution. The nonuniformity of cardboard formation for a flat layer of corrugated cardboard with the use of cover layers made of bleached fibers was found experimentally to decrease. A slight increase in the uniformity during formation of two cover layers of bleached fibers was also found. A three-layered formation of a flat corrugated cardboard layer with white cover layers reduced the number of large floccules, which could have a positive effect on its printing properties, although the losses to modernization of the cardboard machine forming the parts increase.