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<p>Dispersal is a fundamental process usually facilitated by suites of correlated traits. Phenotypic plasticity has the potential to change the structure of these dispersal syndromes depending upon the environmental context. Plasticity can take different forms, including time-delayed effects generating phenotypic variation dependent on past environmental conditions. Such carry-over effects have to be considered when estimating the lability of dispersal syndromes and the adaptiveness of dispersal. Here, we exposed caterpillars of the Large white butterfly <i>Pieris brassicae</i> from eight families to four density levels and three diet types in a full-crossed experimental design. We measured immediate physiological and behavioral plasticity of larvae and carry-over effects on emergence and adult traits involved in dispersal. Significant immediate plasticity was detected on all caterpillar traits, as well as a carry-over effect impacting adult emergence and a trend for a change in one dispersal trait. Yet, we observed that correlations among adult traits, the dispersal syndrome, depended on the larval environment. We relate these results to the species characteristics and discuss their consequences for spatial dynamics.</p>

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Impacts of early-life environmental conditions on an adult dispersal syndrome

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月7日

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  • Delphine Legrand,
  • Elise Mazé-Guilmo,
  • Fabien Aubret,
  • Michel Baguette,
  • Julien Cote

摘要

Dispersal is a fundamental process usually facilitated by suites of correlated traits. Phenotypic plasticity has the potential to change the structure of these dispersal syndromes depending upon the environmental context. Plasticity can take different forms, including time-delayed effects generating phenotypic variation dependent on past environmental conditions. Such carry-over effects have to be considered when estimating the lability of dispersal syndromes and the adaptiveness of dispersal. Here, we exposed caterpillars of the Large white butterfly Pieris brassicae from eight families to four density levels and three diet types in a full-crossed experimental design. We measured immediate physiological and behavioral plasticity of larvae and carry-over effects on emergence and adult traits involved in dispersal. Significant immediate plasticity was detected on all caterpillar traits, as well as a carry-over effect impacting adult emergence and a trend for a change in one dispersal trait. Yet, we observed that correlations among adult traits, the dispersal syndrome, depended on the larval environment. We relate these results to the species characteristics and discuss their consequences for spatial dynamics.