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<p>Direct-seeded rice (DSR) requires rapid seedling establishment, tolerance to early submergence, and structural resilience to prevent lodging. Dissecting the genetic and molecular basis of these traits is essential for breeding high-performing, resilient cultivars. A panel of 100 diverse rice germplasms was evaluated for early seedling vigor (ESV), anaerobic germination (AG) tolerance and lodging resistance (LR). Comprehensive correlation and multivariate analyses revealed strong interrelationships among seedling vigor indices, germination traits, seedling biomass and morphological features. Key traits such as anaerobic vigor index (AVI), shoot length and coleoptile length were identified as major contributors to AG tolerance, whereas the bending moment, section modulus and panicle weight were critical for lodging resistance and yield. Principal component analysis separated promising genotypes for seedling vigor, anaerobic germination tolerance, and structural robustness. Association analysis using SSR and InDel markers identified several marker–trait associations, including markers linked with vigor, anaerobic germination tolerance, lodging resistance, and yield-related traits. These results identify promising germplasm and candidate marker–trait associations that may support future validation and breeding efforts in direct-seeded rice.</p>

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Deciphering the genetic and phenotypic bases of early vigor, anaerobic germination, and lodging resistance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) through bulked line analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月1日

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  • Murali Krishna Mudham,
  • Sreelakshmi Chintala,
  • Lakshminarayana R. Vemireddy,
  • N. Sabitha

摘要

Direct-seeded rice (DSR) requires rapid seedling establishment, tolerance to early submergence, and structural resilience to prevent lodging. Dissecting the genetic and molecular basis of these traits is essential for breeding high-performing, resilient cultivars. A panel of 100 diverse rice germplasms was evaluated for early seedling vigor (ESV), anaerobic germination (AG) tolerance and lodging resistance (LR). Comprehensive correlation and multivariate analyses revealed strong interrelationships among seedling vigor indices, germination traits, seedling biomass and morphological features. Key traits such as anaerobic vigor index (AVI), shoot length and coleoptile length were identified as major contributors to AG tolerance, whereas the bending moment, section modulus and panicle weight were critical for lodging resistance and yield. Principal component analysis separated promising genotypes for seedling vigor, anaerobic germination tolerance, and structural robustness. Association analysis using SSR and InDel markers identified several marker–trait associations, including markers linked with vigor, anaerobic germination tolerance, lodging resistance, and yield-related traits. These results identify promising germplasm and candidate marker–trait associations that may support future validation and breeding efforts in direct-seeded rice.