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<p>Genetic gain in crop breeding programmes is inversely proportional to the duration of the breeding cycle. Therefore, breeders utilize different generation enhancement strategies especially in annual crops to achieve high genetic gains. Onion is a biennial plant, forms a bulb in the first year and bolts (flowers) in the second year as a result conventionally developing a new cultivar can take 16–20&#xa0;years. Therefore, the objective of this study was to reduce the generation time in short-day onion cultivars using different speed-breeding approaches under low-cost polyhouse and field conditions. Under a polyhouse with 16&#xa0;h (h) photoperiod, bulbs matured early, with PRO-7, Punjab Naroya, and PWO-2 were harvested in 75, 100, and 100&#xa0;days during early season planting, and 57.7, 72.0, and 75.0&#xa0;days in main season planting, respectively. Under natural field conditions, PRO-7, Punjab Naroya, and PWO-2 were harvested in 140.0, 153.7, and 167.7&#xa0;days during the early season, and in 121.0, 146.0, and 141.7&#xa0;days during the main season, respectively. In the field-based low-cost speed breeding, Punjab Naroya matured in 96&#xa0;days compared to 150&#xa0;days under natural field conditions in the main season. Bulb size was significantly reduced under extended photoperiod in polyhouse in comparison to natural field conditions. Therefore, we used different mulches and found that black mulch improved bulb size under extended photoperiod in field-based speed breeding. After bulb harvesting, bulb dormancy was broken by using hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) treatments. To fulfil the vernalization requirement, hydrogen peroxide treated bulbs were planted at Keylong (Himachal Pradesh, India), and 10% hydrogen peroxide for 2&#xa0;h treatment resulted in a higher flowering percentage (75%) and increased seed yield (1.19&#xa0;g per plant) among different treatments. In this study, we were able to annualize the biennial life cycle of tropical short-day onion cultivars and demonstrated their potential in onion breeding.</p>

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Annualizing short day onion biennial life cycle through speed breeding approaches

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月20日

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  • Priyanka Anand,
  • Ajmer Dhatt,
  • Madhu Sharma,
  • O. P. Meena,
  • Jiffinvir Khosa

摘要

Genetic gain in crop breeding programmes is inversely proportional to the duration of the breeding cycle. Therefore, breeders utilize different generation enhancement strategies especially in annual crops to achieve high genetic gains. Onion is a biennial plant, forms a bulb in the first year and bolts (flowers) in the second year as a result conventionally developing a new cultivar can take 16–20 years. Therefore, the objective of this study was to reduce the generation time in short-day onion cultivars using different speed-breeding approaches under low-cost polyhouse and field conditions. Under a polyhouse with 16 h (h) photoperiod, bulbs matured early, with PRO-7, Punjab Naroya, and PWO-2 were harvested in 75, 100, and 100 days during early season planting, and 57.7, 72.0, and 75.0 days in main season planting, respectively. Under natural field conditions, PRO-7, Punjab Naroya, and PWO-2 were harvested in 140.0, 153.7, and 167.7 days during the early season, and in 121.0, 146.0, and 141.7 days during the main season, respectively. In the field-based low-cost speed breeding, Punjab Naroya matured in 96 days compared to 150 days under natural field conditions in the main season. Bulb size was significantly reduced under extended photoperiod in polyhouse in comparison to natural field conditions. Therefore, we used different mulches and found that black mulch improved bulb size under extended photoperiod in field-based speed breeding. After bulb harvesting, bulb dormancy was broken by using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatments. To fulfil the vernalization requirement, hydrogen peroxide treated bulbs were planted at Keylong (Himachal Pradesh, India), and 10% hydrogen peroxide for 2 h treatment resulted in a higher flowering percentage (75%) and increased seed yield (1.19 g per plant) among different treatments. In this study, we were able to annualize the biennial life cycle of tropical short-day onion cultivars and demonstrated their potential in onion breeding.