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<p>This study aimed to develop novel <i>Roscoea</i> germplasm with enhanced floral appeal (improved novel colors, larger and more abundant flowers, extended bloom) and lodging resistance. Using seven accessions, we crossed the key parent—<i>R. cautleoides</i> valued for its large yellow flowers, high flower number, and adaptability—with six others to broaden its limited color and form range and reduce its excessive height and lodging susceptibility. Six hybrid combinations (four with <i>R. cautleoides</i> as maternal parent, and two as the paternal parent) were generated. Evaluation of F₁ traits showed that progenies exhibited wide variation in flower number, increased flower longevity, and overall larger, stable flower size, with inheritance displaying a complex, predominantly maternal pattern. Purple flower color showed higher heritability than yellow, while novel bicolor flowers implied possible codominant or epistatic interactions. Vegetative analysis suggested that integrating plant height, leaf length, and width can yield an ideal, compact architecture (short, upright stems with broad leaves), improving light-use efficiency and stress tolerance. Most traits exhibited continuous, polygenic variation sensitive to environment. The combinations <i>R. cautleoides</i> × <i>R. debilis</i> and <i>R. schneideriana</i> × <i>R. cautleoides</i> were identified as superior. This work provides a theoretical basis and a practical strategy: using large-flowered, high-yielding accessions as maternal parents in targeted crosses can efficiently produce new cultivars with synergistic improvements in ornamental value and plant architecture.</p>

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Optimizing hybrid breeding in Roscoea: heterosis and inheritance patterns with R. cautleoides as a key parent

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月1日

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  • Yuan-Yue Zhang,
  • Ming-Chao Chen,
  • Yi-Guo Li,
  • Feng-Juan Mou

摘要

This study aimed to develop novel Roscoea germplasm with enhanced floral appeal (improved novel colors, larger and more abundant flowers, extended bloom) and lodging resistance. Using seven accessions, we crossed the key parent—R. cautleoides valued for its large yellow flowers, high flower number, and adaptability—with six others to broaden its limited color and form range and reduce its excessive height and lodging susceptibility. Six hybrid combinations (four with R. cautleoides as maternal parent, and two as the paternal parent) were generated. Evaluation of F₁ traits showed that progenies exhibited wide variation in flower number, increased flower longevity, and overall larger, stable flower size, with inheritance displaying a complex, predominantly maternal pattern. Purple flower color showed higher heritability than yellow, while novel bicolor flowers implied possible codominant or epistatic interactions. Vegetative analysis suggested that integrating plant height, leaf length, and width can yield an ideal, compact architecture (short, upright stems with broad leaves), improving light-use efficiency and stress tolerance. Most traits exhibited continuous, polygenic variation sensitive to environment. The combinations R. cautleoides × R. debilis and R. schneideriana × R. cautleoides were identified as superior. This work provides a theoretical basis and a practical strategy: using large-flowered, high-yielding accessions as maternal parents in targeted crosses can efficiently produce new cultivars with synergistic improvements in ornamental value and plant architecture.