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<p>Banana farming is essential for the food and occupational security of numerous families who rely on subsistence agriculture. However, banana production has been severely affected by Fusarium wilt, caused by the pathogen <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>cubense</i> (Foc), particularly the tropical race 4 (Foc TR4) and subtropical race 4 (Foc STR4). So far, the only reliable, effective way to manage the disease is by using resistant plant varieties, as no complete control methods are currently available. However, developing these through conventional breeding remains challenging, particularly in combating TR4. Given this scenario, alternative approaches, such as somaclonal variation induction have shown promise in offering farmers resistant cultivars. This study aimed to molecularly and histochemically characterize somaclones of the Grand Naine cultivar resistant to Foc STR4. To evaluate genetic stability, the 14 somaclones were analyzed with IRAP markers (Inter-Retrotransposon Amplified Polymorphism), which revealed high stability compared to the control plant (‘non-mutagenized Grand Naine’). Concurrently, defense responses were examined through qPCR and histochemical analyses. After inoculation with Foc STR4, somaclones E10, E13, E14, E15, and E16 showed complete resistance. The genotypes E10, E13, and E15 stand out due to their higher activation of defense genes, such as LOX, PIP2-3, PI206, and PTI6. Histochemical analyses revealed that somaclone E13 showed increased callose and phenolic compound deposition in the roots, with no fungal structures present. Overall, all somaclones showed superior resistance compared to the control, and their future commercial validation will be crucial for developing more productive and Fusarium wilt-resistant banana cultivars, significantly contributing to the sustainability of global banana production.</p>

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Molecular and histochemical characterization of Grande Naine somaclones resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense subtropical race 4

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月4日

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  • Wanderley Diaciso dos Santos Oliveira,
  • Tamyres Amorim Rebouças,
  • Anelita de Jesus Rocha,
  • Mileide dos Santos Ferreira,
  • Tiago Abreu da Silva,
  • Amanda Bahiano Passos Sousa,
  • Andresa Priscila de Souza Ramos,
  • João Pedro Falcón Lago de Jesus,
  • Janay Almeida dos Santos-Serejo,
  • Fernando Haddad,
  • Claudia Fortes Ferreira,
  • Edson Perito Amorim

摘要

Banana farming is essential for the food and occupational security of numerous families who rely on subsistence agriculture. However, banana production has been severely affected by Fusarium wilt, caused by the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), particularly the tropical race 4 (Foc TR4) and subtropical race 4 (Foc STR4). So far, the only reliable, effective way to manage the disease is by using resistant plant varieties, as no complete control methods are currently available. However, developing these through conventional breeding remains challenging, particularly in combating TR4. Given this scenario, alternative approaches, such as somaclonal variation induction have shown promise in offering farmers resistant cultivars. This study aimed to molecularly and histochemically characterize somaclones of the Grand Naine cultivar resistant to Foc STR4. To evaluate genetic stability, the 14 somaclones were analyzed with IRAP markers (Inter-Retrotransposon Amplified Polymorphism), which revealed high stability compared to the control plant (‘non-mutagenized Grand Naine’). Concurrently, defense responses were examined through qPCR and histochemical analyses. After inoculation with Foc STR4, somaclones E10, E13, E14, E15, and E16 showed complete resistance. The genotypes E10, E13, and E15 stand out due to their higher activation of defense genes, such as LOX, PIP2-3, PI206, and PTI6. Histochemical analyses revealed that somaclone E13 showed increased callose and phenolic compound deposition in the roots, with no fungal structures present. Overall, all somaclones showed superior resistance compared to the control, and their future commercial validation will be crucial for developing more productive and Fusarium wilt-resistant banana cultivars, significantly contributing to the sustainability of global banana production.