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<p>Gladiolus, popularly known as the “queen of bulbous crops,” is an important cut flower in international trade. The present study was conducted at the Division of Floriculture and Landscaping, ICAR–IARI, New Delhi, to assess crossability among 11 <i>Gladiolus</i> × <i>grandiflorus</i> L. cultivars and one species, <i>G. callianthus</i>, selected for contrasting morphological, floral, and phenological traits. A full diallel mating design was employed. ‘<i>G. callianthus</i>’ produced the largest pollen grains but showed the lowest viability and germination, whereas ‘Pusa Red Valentine’ exhibited the highest viability (74.67%) and germination (45.33%). Capsule traits varied widely, with ‘Surya Kiran’ × ‘Pusa Mohini’ showing the longest maturity period (39.50&#xa0;days) and ‘Pusa Manmohak’ × ‘<i>G. callianthus</i>’ the shortest (29.33&#xa0;days). The largest capsule length (33.41&#xa0;mm) and width (16.64&#xa0;mm) occurred in ‘Creamy Green’ × ‘Pusa Red Valentine’ and ‘Pusa Red Valentine’ × ‘Howard’, respectively, while ‘Howard’ × ‘<i>G. callianthus</i>’ had the smallest. The maximum seeds per capsule (98.67) were in ‘Chandni’ × ‘Pusa Shweta’, followed by seed set percentage (74.96%) in ‘Chandni’ × ‘Pusa Red Valentine’, seed weight (8.41&#xa0;mg) in ‘Pusa Manmohak’ × ‘Creamy Green’, and germination (55.00%) in ‘Sunayana’ × ‘Pusa Shweta’. Interspecific crosses performed poorly, with pollen–pistil studies confirming fertilization barriers. ‘Howard’, ‘Yellow Stone’, ‘Pusa Red Valentine’, ‘Pusa Shweta’, and ‘Suchitra’ were superior male parents, while ‘Pusa Red Valentine’, ‘Chandni’, ‘Surya Kiran’, ‘Sunayana’, and ‘Creamy Green’ were superior female parents. Correlation analysis revealed that larger capsules were associated with higher seed number and germination, highlighting their importance in gladiolus breeding.</p>

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Analysis of crossability behaviour and seed set in intraspecific and interspecific crosses and pollen‒pistil interactions in gladiolus

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月1日

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  • P. M. Girish,
  • Sapna Panwar,
  • K. P. Singh,
  • Kishan Swaroop,
  • M. R. Dhiman,
  • M. K. Singh,
  • Vignesh Muthusamy,
  • Amitha Mithra Sevanthi,
  • Saipriya Panigrahi,
  • Shantesh Ramesh Kamath

摘要

Gladiolus, popularly known as the “queen of bulbous crops,” is an important cut flower in international trade. The present study was conducted at the Division of Floriculture and Landscaping, ICAR–IARI, New Delhi, to assess crossability among 11 Gladiolus × grandiflorus L. cultivars and one species, G. callianthus, selected for contrasting morphological, floral, and phenological traits. A full diallel mating design was employed. ‘G. callianthus’ produced the largest pollen grains but showed the lowest viability and germination, whereas ‘Pusa Red Valentine’ exhibited the highest viability (74.67%) and germination (45.33%). Capsule traits varied widely, with ‘Surya Kiran’ × ‘Pusa Mohini’ showing the longest maturity period (39.50 days) and ‘Pusa Manmohak’ × ‘G. callianthus’ the shortest (29.33 days). The largest capsule length (33.41 mm) and width (16.64 mm) occurred in ‘Creamy Green’ × ‘Pusa Red Valentine’ and ‘Pusa Red Valentine’ × ‘Howard’, respectively, while ‘Howard’ × ‘G. callianthus’ had the smallest. The maximum seeds per capsule (98.67) were in ‘Chandni’ × ‘Pusa Shweta’, followed by seed set percentage (74.96%) in ‘Chandni’ × ‘Pusa Red Valentine’, seed weight (8.41 mg) in ‘Pusa Manmohak’ × ‘Creamy Green’, and germination (55.00%) in ‘Sunayana’ × ‘Pusa Shweta’. Interspecific crosses performed poorly, with pollen–pistil studies confirming fertilization barriers. ‘Howard’, ‘Yellow Stone’, ‘Pusa Red Valentine’, ‘Pusa Shweta’, and ‘Suchitra’ were superior male parents, while ‘Pusa Red Valentine’, ‘Chandni’, ‘Surya Kiran’, ‘Sunayana’, and ‘Creamy Green’ were superior female parents. Correlation analysis revealed that larger capsules were associated with higher seed number and germination, highlighting their importance in gladiolus breeding.