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<p>Eggplant shoot and fruit borer (<i>Leucinodes orbonalis</i>) is a major pest limiting eggplant productivity and marketability. Excessive pesticide application for its control leads to environmental toxicity, pest resurgence and food chain contamination. A sustainable alternative is development of host plant resistance combined with high yield potential. This study aimed to develop eggplant hybrids with improved resistance to <i>L. orbonalis</i> by characterising floral traits of parental genotypes and evaluating resistance and yield related parameters. Floral biology of five eggplant genotypes viz<i>.,</i> Ponni, Vengeri, IC618016, IC636521 and IC624240, was characterised to facilitate synchronised hybridisation. Ten F<sub>1</sub> hybrids were developed using half-diallel mating design (July to December, 2023) and evaluated along with parents and checks (January to June 2024) under field infestation for resistance and yield. Percent shoot and fruit infestations ranged between 3.95% (Vengeri × IC636521) to 24.19% (Surya, susceptible check) and 3.46% (IC618016 × IC636521) to 40.19% (Surya), respectively. Biochemical analysis of fruits revealed that percent fruit infestation was positively correlated with total sugars, percent of shoot infestation, protein and negatively correlated with trichomes on the leaf, polyphenol oxidase, and phenol content, indicating their defensive role. Significant variation was observed for all yield attributing traits and also for general combining ability and specific combining ability effects. Non-additive gene action was predominant for days to 50% flowering, plant height, average fruit weight, fruit yield per plant, while additive gene action governed number of branches per plant, number of fruits per plant, fruit length, and fruit breadth. Seven hybrids showed significant standard heterosis for yield per plant. These promising hybrids hold potential for further stability studies in various agro-climatic zones and could be utilized in advanced breeding programme like three-way and double cross hybridization to accumulate a greater number of desirable alleles for developing transgressive segregants and stable high yielding eggplant varieties.</p>

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Characterisation of floral traits and analysis of gene action, combining ability and heterosis for yield component traits and resistance to Leucinodes orbonalis in eggplant

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月18日

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  • Kasireddy Sivasankarreddy,
  • Jiji Joseph,
  • Berin Pathrose,
  • P. P. Thirumalaisamy,
  • Deepu Mathew,
  • T. Pradeepkumar

摘要

Eggplant shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis) is a major pest limiting eggplant productivity and marketability. Excessive pesticide application for its control leads to environmental toxicity, pest resurgence and food chain contamination. A sustainable alternative is development of host plant resistance combined with high yield potential. This study aimed to develop eggplant hybrids with improved resistance to L. orbonalis by characterising floral traits of parental genotypes and evaluating resistance and yield related parameters. Floral biology of five eggplant genotypes viz., Ponni, Vengeri, IC618016, IC636521 and IC624240, was characterised to facilitate synchronised hybridisation. Ten F1 hybrids were developed using half-diallel mating design (July to December, 2023) and evaluated along with parents and checks (January to June 2024) under field infestation for resistance and yield. Percent shoot and fruit infestations ranged between 3.95% (Vengeri × IC636521) to 24.19% (Surya, susceptible check) and 3.46% (IC618016 × IC636521) to 40.19% (Surya), respectively. Biochemical analysis of fruits revealed that percent fruit infestation was positively correlated with total sugars, percent of shoot infestation, protein and negatively correlated with trichomes on the leaf, polyphenol oxidase, and phenol content, indicating their defensive role. Significant variation was observed for all yield attributing traits and also for general combining ability and specific combining ability effects. Non-additive gene action was predominant for days to 50% flowering, plant height, average fruit weight, fruit yield per plant, while additive gene action governed number of branches per plant, number of fruits per plant, fruit length, and fruit breadth. Seven hybrids showed significant standard heterosis for yield per plant. These promising hybrids hold potential for further stability studies in various agro-climatic zones and could be utilized in advanced breeding programme like three-way and double cross hybridization to accumulate a greater number of desirable alleles for developing transgressive segregants and stable high yielding eggplant varieties.