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<p><i>Primula forbesii</i>, which blooms profusely in early spring with fragrant flowers and a long flowering period, is a distylous species with heteromorphic self-incompatibility. However, its floral characteristics and the mechanism of heteromorphic self-incompatibility remain poorly understood. In this study, floral morphological variations, pollen transcriptomic profiles, and reproductive biology traits between the two floral morphs were investigated. Morphometric analysis revealed the ancillary dimorphisms in style, stigma, stigmatic papillae and pollen in <i>P. forbesii</i>. The pollen transcriptome showed that there were 3495 differentially expressed genes between pin and thrum pollen. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed pollen-associated high correlation modules, with pin pollen showing enrichment in carbohydrate metabolic processes and thrum pollen demonstrating cell wall biosynthesis involvement. There was severe fertilization failure in self-crossing and intra-morph crossing. Pollination performed 3&#xa0;days before flowering, 5&#xa0;days after flowering, or using of mentor pollens slightly increased the fruit setting rate and seed quantity of self- and intra-morph pollinations of the pin morph, but had no effects on the thrum morph. The corresponding behavior of pollen tubes confirmed this result. In general, different pollination methods could not break heteromorphic self-incompatibility of <i>P. forbesii</i>. Compared with pin morph, thrum morph showed a stronger self-incompatibility.</p>

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Dimorphic floral characteristics and heteromorphic self-incompatibility of Primula forbesii

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月26日

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  • Ying Liu,
  • Wanpei Lu,
  • Xiaoyuan Li,
  • Weiru Yang,
  • Tangren Cheng,
  • Jia Wang,
  • Qixiang Zhang,
  • Huitang Pan

摘要

Primula forbesii, which blooms profusely in early spring with fragrant flowers and a long flowering period, is a distylous species with heteromorphic self-incompatibility. However, its floral characteristics and the mechanism of heteromorphic self-incompatibility remain poorly understood. In this study, floral morphological variations, pollen transcriptomic profiles, and reproductive biology traits between the two floral morphs were investigated. Morphometric analysis revealed the ancillary dimorphisms in style, stigma, stigmatic papillae and pollen in P. forbesii. The pollen transcriptome showed that there were 3495 differentially expressed genes between pin and thrum pollen. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed pollen-associated high correlation modules, with pin pollen showing enrichment in carbohydrate metabolic processes and thrum pollen demonstrating cell wall biosynthesis involvement. There was severe fertilization failure in self-crossing and intra-morph crossing. Pollination performed 3 days before flowering, 5 days after flowering, or using of mentor pollens slightly increased the fruit setting rate and seed quantity of self- and intra-morph pollinations of the pin morph, but had no effects on the thrum morph. The corresponding behavior of pollen tubes confirmed this result. In general, different pollination methods could not break heteromorphic self-incompatibility of P. forbesii. Compared with pin morph, thrum morph showed a stronger self-incompatibility.