<p>Despite the economic importance of apricots, large-scale phenotypic evaluations integrating rapid aroma profiling technologies remain limited. This study aims to assess the genetic diversity of aroma, color, and other fruit quality traits in a large apricot population to inform breeding and conservation efforts. Phenotypic diversity was evaluated using coefficients of variation (CV) for fruit weight, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), and firmness. The electronic nose was used to assess volatile compounds, and correlation and cluster analyses were conducted to understand the relationships between traits and genetic groups. The CVs for fruit weight, TSS, TA, and firmness ranged from 16.42% (TSS) to 49.95% (fruit weight). Over 76% of the accessions had minimal or no over-color. The W5S, W1S, W1W, and W2W sensors, representing sulfur compounds, terpenes, and alkanes, showed the highest variation. TSS negatively correlated with fruit weight and firmness, while firmness was negatively related to e-nose measurements and positively to peel and flesh color's b and C values. Sensor conductivities were highly correlated with peel and flesh color coordinates, and peel ground color positively correlated with several traits. Apricots from Central Asia were found to have superior taste, while European varieties excelled in appearance and firmness. Cluster analysis revealed varying degrees of similarity among accessions. This study reveals significant phenotypic diversity among apricot accessions, providing a valuable resource for breeding and conservation. The electronic nose emerges as a rapid tool for assessing aroma and taste characteristics. Promising accessions, such as 'Kumaiti', 'Yage Leke', and 'Hacihaliloglu', exhibit desirable traits and could be instrumental in improving apricot quality through breeding programs. The genetic basis for aroma diversity, particularly in compounds detected by the W5S, W1S, W1W, and W2W sensors, offers a target for future breeding efforts.</p>