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<p>Megasporogeneses of triploid plants are not as well understood in comparison with diploids. Triploid <i>Polygonum</i>-type plants are usually seedless. However, triploid <i>Lilium</i> producing <i>Fritillaria</i>-type embryo sacs are partially female-fertile regardless of male sterility. It has been theorized that triploid <i>Lilium</i> produce variable aneuploid eggs and invariable hexaploidy secondary nuclei in their embryo sacs. Unfortunately, the theory has not been confirmed, though it is extensively used to explain the success or failure of lily interploidy hybridizations. In the present research, two triploid and one tetraploid lily cultivars were mainly investigated for their genome composition, meiosis, ploidy levels or genome composition of the endosperm and progenies of 3<i>x</i> × 4<i>x</i> (triploid × tetraploid) crosses. The results showed that each genome had one chromosome bearing 5<i>S</i> rDNA loci both in&#xa0;the triploid and&#xa0;in the tetraploid lilies. It was confirmed that both triploids had abnormal meiosis and were male-sterile, but partially female-fertile. The endosperm of 3<i>x</i> × 4<i>x</i> crosses are octoploid (8<i>x</i>) while their embryos had variable chromosome numbers (aneuploidy). Since the male parent in 3<i>x</i> × 4<i>x</i> crosses contributed diploid pollen, the present results are the first confirmation of the theory. The techniques provide a new and efficient means to evaluate the ploidy levels of plant endosperm.</p>

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Fluorescence in situ hybridization confirms a theory–Triploid Lilium produce variable aneuploidy eggs and invariable hexaploidy secondary nuclei

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月24日

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  • Siyu Liu,
  • Juanjuan Chen,
  • Yanni Sun,
  • Shujun Zhou

摘要

Megasporogeneses of triploid plants are not as well understood in comparison with diploids. Triploid Polygonum-type plants are usually seedless. However, triploid Lilium producing Fritillaria-type embryo sacs are partially female-fertile regardless of male sterility. It has been theorized that triploid Lilium produce variable aneuploid eggs and invariable hexaploidy secondary nuclei in their embryo sacs. Unfortunately, the theory has not been confirmed, though it is extensively used to explain the success or failure of lily interploidy hybridizations. In the present research, two triploid and one tetraploid lily cultivars were mainly investigated for their genome composition, meiosis, ploidy levels or genome composition of the endosperm and progenies of 3x × 4x (triploid × tetraploid) crosses. The results showed that each genome had one chromosome bearing 5S rDNA loci both in the triploid and in the tetraploid lilies. It was confirmed that both triploids had abnormal meiosis and were male-sterile, but partially female-fertile. The endosperm of 3x × 4x crosses are octoploid (8x) while their embryos had variable chromosome numbers (aneuploidy). Since the male parent in 3x × 4x crosses contributed diploid pollen, the present results are the first confirmation of the theory. The techniques provide a new and efficient means to evaluate the ploidy levels of plant endosperm.