Discovery of natural Paspalum L. (Poaceae) triploid hybrids near sympatric populations of Paspalum urvillei Steud. and species of Paniculata group in northeastern Argentina

Hybridization and polyploidy are currently known as exponential factors for biodiversity. Some Paspalum species can hybridize and originate viable allopolyploids with possible agronomic use. We collected a frost resistance hybrid in north–western Misiones and determined its ploidy level, meiotic behavior, pollen viability, cytoembryology, and seed production in open and self-pollination. To elucidate its origin, we conducted a phenotypic and geographical analysis using herbarium specimens to establish its putative parental species. The hybrid was triploid, exhibiting irregular meiosis with the formation of non-viable pollen and undeveloped embryo sacs, resulting in very low seed production under both pollination conditions. Through morphological analysis, we identified Paspalum urvillei Steud. and the Paniculata group, i.e. Paspalum juergensii Hack., Paspalum umbrosum Trin., and Paspalum paniculatum L., as the putative parental species. Geographic distribution patterns suggested a possible hybridization event between P. urvillei and P. umbrosum, though further investigation is needed to precisely identify which species from the Paniculata group hybridized with P. urvillei. Future studies will help to unravel the complex genetic interactions underlying hybridization in Paspalum species and contribute to our understanding of biodiversity dynamics.