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<p>Employee engagement is critical for healthcare organizations facing evolving market demands. Despite its recognized importance, limited research has examined its antecedents and outcomes among healthcare professionals in emerging markets, particularly in China, where cultural and institutional contexts differ from Western settings. Consequently, this study investigates employee engagement among Chinese healthcare workers. Using a critical incident technique, this study conducts semi-structured interviews with 251 healthcare professionals from four tertiary hospitals in Shanghai, China. Findings classify engagement antecedents into two levels: individual level (i.e., physical and psychological conditions, career development, and workplace empowerment) and interpersonal level (i.e., professional relationships with supervisors and colleagues and leadership behavior). Engagement further influences outcomes such as job crafting, career progression constraints, collaborative decision-making, workplace tensions, and perceptions of micromanagement. Results also highlight the role of psychological resilience in enabling healthcare workers to adapt to challenges and overcome adversity.</p>

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What Does Employee Engagement Mean to Healthcare Workers in China? A Qualitative Study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月21日

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  • Sangeetha Lakshman,
  • Shih Y. Chou

摘要

Employee engagement is critical for healthcare organizations facing evolving market demands. Despite its recognized importance, limited research has examined its antecedents and outcomes among healthcare professionals in emerging markets, particularly in China, where cultural and institutional contexts differ from Western settings. Consequently, this study investigates employee engagement among Chinese healthcare workers. Using a critical incident technique, this study conducts semi-structured interviews with 251 healthcare professionals from four tertiary hospitals in Shanghai, China. Findings classify engagement antecedents into two levels: individual level (i.e., physical and psychological conditions, career development, and workplace empowerment) and interpersonal level (i.e., professional relationships with supervisors and colleagues and leadership behavior). Engagement further influences outcomes such as job crafting, career progression constraints, collaborative decision-making, workplace tensions, and perceptions of micromanagement. Results also highlight the role of psychological resilience in enabling healthcare workers to adapt to challenges and overcome adversity.