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<p>Disasters, whether natural or human-made, have an increasingly severe impact on human life, infrastructure, and economies worldwide. This review paper systematically examines the role of heterogeneous systems integrating technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), robotics, the Internet of Things (IoT), and remote sensing in enhancing disaster management across the preparedness, response, and recovery phases. Using a nested search strategy, 78 relevant publications from 2010 to 2025 were shortlisted from an initial pool of 500 documents identified through the Scopus database. The review synthesizes insights into key applications, including predictive analytics, early warning systems, environmental monitoring, and urban planning, with floods (25.3%) and earthquakes (35.7%) being the most studied disaster types. Case studies of the 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake in Japan, the 2024 Jasper wildfire in Canada, and the 2022 floods in Pakistan highlight the practical applications of heterogeneous systems in disaster management. The identified systems demonstrated the ability to enhance situational awareness, optimize resource allocation, and improve disaster-response efficiency. These findings underscore the transformative potential of heterogeneous systems in mitigating risks, improving disaster resilience, and safeguarding vulnerable communities, while also highlighting the need to address challenges such as data reliability, scalability, and operational barriers.</p>

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Disaster management technology and approaches: a focus on heterogeneous systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月11日

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  • Muhammad Haris,
  • Sajjad Keshtkar,
  • Adeel Anjum,
  • Madiha Haider Syed,
  • Hirohisa Kojima,
  • Rafiq Ahmad

摘要

Disasters, whether natural or human-made, have an increasingly severe impact on human life, infrastructure, and economies worldwide. This review paper systematically examines the role of heterogeneous systems integrating technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), robotics, the Internet of Things (IoT), and remote sensing in enhancing disaster management across the preparedness, response, and recovery phases. Using a nested search strategy, 78 relevant publications from 2010 to 2025 were shortlisted from an initial pool of 500 documents identified through the Scopus database. The review synthesizes insights into key applications, including predictive analytics, early warning systems, environmental monitoring, and urban planning, with floods (25.3%) and earthquakes (35.7%) being the most studied disaster types. Case studies of the 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake in Japan, the 2024 Jasper wildfire in Canada, and the 2022 floods in Pakistan highlight the practical applications of heterogeneous systems in disaster management. The identified systems demonstrated the ability to enhance situational awareness, optimize resource allocation, and improve disaster-response efficiency. These findings underscore the transformative potential of heterogeneous systems in mitigating risks, improving disaster resilience, and safeguarding vulnerable communities, while also highlighting the need to address challenges such as data reliability, scalability, and operational barriers.