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<p>Ecosystem services (ESs) are vital to human well-being and play a crucial role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially in resource-based regions facing sustainability challenges. However, existing research remains insufficient in analyzing how ESs contribute to SDG realization in such vulnerable regions. Using a balanced panel of 271 counties in the resource-based areas of the Middle Yellow River Basin from 2006 to 2022, this research first quantified four critical ESs—carbon sequestration, soil conservation, water yield, and habitat maintenance—using the InVEST model, and evaluated 12 SDGs across economic, social, and ecological dimensions. Subsequently, spatial panel data models were employed to explore the nonlinear associations and spatial spillover effects of ESs on SDGs. The results indicated distinct evolutionary trends: while carbon sequestration and soil conservation increased by 1.9% and approximately 210&#xa0;million tons, respectively, habitat maintenance declined by 5.3%. SDG scores followed a hierarchy of ecological (avg. 47.2) &gt; economic (avg. 33.5) &gt; social (avg. 23.8), with economic and social scores exhibiting a “rise-then-fall” trajectory. Econometric analysis suggested complex nonlinear associations: specifically, habitat maintenance and water yield exhibited a U-shaped relationship with Economic SDGs, whereas carbon sequestration was negatively associated with local Economic SDGs (coefficient = -0.072) and showed a negative spatial spillover association (coefficient = -0.572) with neighboring regions. These findings provide suggestive quantitative evidence for coordinated regional development and SDG-oriented ecosystem governance.</p>

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Exploring the impact and spatial spillover effects of ecosystem services on SDGs realization in resource-based areas of the Middle Yellow River Basin

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月2日

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  • Wei Wang,
  • Zhong Wang,
  • Yunhui Zhang,
  • Yanran Peng,
  • Yong Huang

摘要

Ecosystem services (ESs) are vital to human well-being and play a crucial role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially in resource-based regions facing sustainability challenges. However, existing research remains insufficient in analyzing how ESs contribute to SDG realization in such vulnerable regions. Using a balanced panel of 271 counties in the resource-based areas of the Middle Yellow River Basin from 2006 to 2022, this research first quantified four critical ESs—carbon sequestration, soil conservation, water yield, and habitat maintenance—using the InVEST model, and evaluated 12 SDGs across economic, social, and ecological dimensions. Subsequently, spatial panel data models were employed to explore the nonlinear associations and spatial spillover effects of ESs on SDGs. The results indicated distinct evolutionary trends: while carbon sequestration and soil conservation increased by 1.9% and approximately 210 million tons, respectively, habitat maintenance declined by 5.3%. SDG scores followed a hierarchy of ecological (avg. 47.2) > economic (avg. 33.5) > social (avg. 23.8), with economic and social scores exhibiting a “rise-then-fall” trajectory. Econometric analysis suggested complex nonlinear associations: specifically, habitat maintenance and water yield exhibited a U-shaped relationship with Economic SDGs, whereas carbon sequestration was negatively associated with local Economic SDGs (coefficient = -0.072) and showed a negative spatial spillover association (coefficient = -0.572) with neighboring regions. These findings provide suggestive quantitative evidence for coordinated regional development and SDG-oriented ecosystem governance.