<p>This research examines the dynamic quantile–quantile connectedness (QQC) between green bonds (<i>GB</i>), <i>AI</i>, digital currency (<i>DC</i>), carbon efficiency (<i>CE</i>), and climate resilience (<i>CR</i>). The study uses daily data from June 2018 to January 2025, and the findings indicate that the chosen indicators exhibit nonlinear, spillover effects across the extreme quantile ranges. The connectedness pattern indicates high values at the lower and upper quantiles for <i>AI</i> and <i>CR</i>, indicating strong tail-dependent connectedness between them. Similarly, the higher connectedness between <i>GBs</i> and <i>CR</i> at both lower and higher quantiles, with negative net connectedness, indicates that <i>GBs</i> and <i>DC</i> are identified as net transmitters of climate resilience. In contrast, the <i>CE</i> serves as a net recipient of spillovers in the dynamic QQC framework. The connectedness pattern is re-analyzed with the quantile connectedness (QC) approach. The findings guide policymakers and renewable energy investors toward long-term, sustainable, and climate-resilient infrastructure.</p>

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Measuring the spillover effects: evidence from AI, green bonds, digital currency, and climate resilience with a quantile-on-quantile connectedness approach

  • Dan Wan,
  • Anwar Khan

摘要

This research examines the dynamic quantile–quantile connectedness (QQC) between green bonds (GB), AI, digital currency (DC), carbon efficiency (CE), and climate resilience (CR). The study uses daily data from June 2018 to January 2025, and the findings indicate that the chosen indicators exhibit nonlinear, spillover effects across the extreme quantile ranges. The connectedness pattern indicates high values at the lower and upper quantiles for AI and CR, indicating strong tail-dependent connectedness between them. Similarly, the higher connectedness between GBs and CR at both lower and higher quantiles, with negative net connectedness, indicates that GBs and DC are identified as net transmitters of climate resilience. In contrast, the CE serves as a net recipient of spillovers in the dynamic QQC framework. The connectedness pattern is re-analyzed with the quantile connectedness (QC) approach. The findings guide policymakers and renewable energy investors toward long-term, sustainable, and climate-resilient infrastructure.