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<p>Major cross-sea/river bridges underpin sustainable regional development and transport connectivity across the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) in China. Their operation, however, faces growing pressure from natural disasters and unexpected events that climate change intensifies, placing long-term sustainability goals at risk. Existing studies on transportation infrastructure resilience predominantly focus on general infrastructure types such as metro systems and railways, while systematic analysis of the resilience factors of cross-sea/river bridges from a multi-dimensional perspective remains limited. This study identifies the influencing factors of the resilience of major cross-sea/river bridges in the GBA and examines their causal and hierarchical relationships by integrating the Fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) and Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM). The findings show that four of the five strongest comprehensive relationships are the effects of organizational strategy, technological innovation, investment level, and rule system on technological ability. The fifth is the effect of organizational strategy on emergency management. Key cause factors include rule system, organizational structure, and organizational learning, which strongly influence resilience. Emergency management, technological ability, and organizational strategy exhibit the highest centrality, underscoring their pivotal roles in the network of factors and resilience enhancement. Additionally, technological ability, emergency management, and public opinion are the main effect factors, which makes them useful indicators for monitoring how other factors behave. The root factors including organizational structure, rule system, and regional economic development level form the foundational elements shaping bridge resilience and sustainable performance. Based on these findings, management and policy implications are provided for bridge operators and regulators to enhance the resilience of cross-sea/river bridges under climate-exacerbated hazards.</p>

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Enhancing resilience of major cross-sea/river bridges under climate-exacerbated hazards: evidence from the Greater Bay Area in China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月2日

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  • Jindao Chen,
  • Jiabao Wu,
  • Jinwen Zhang,
  • Xiaoyi Wei,
  • Xiangwei Ma,
  • Oswald Chong

摘要

Major cross-sea/river bridges underpin sustainable regional development and transport connectivity across the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) in China. Their operation, however, faces growing pressure from natural disasters and unexpected events that climate change intensifies, placing long-term sustainability goals at risk. Existing studies on transportation infrastructure resilience predominantly focus on general infrastructure types such as metro systems and railways, while systematic analysis of the resilience factors of cross-sea/river bridges from a multi-dimensional perspective remains limited. This study identifies the influencing factors of the resilience of major cross-sea/river bridges in the GBA and examines their causal and hierarchical relationships by integrating the Fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) and Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM). The findings show that four of the five strongest comprehensive relationships are the effects of organizational strategy, technological innovation, investment level, and rule system on technological ability. The fifth is the effect of organizational strategy on emergency management. Key cause factors include rule system, organizational structure, and organizational learning, which strongly influence resilience. Emergency management, technological ability, and organizational strategy exhibit the highest centrality, underscoring their pivotal roles in the network of factors and resilience enhancement. Additionally, technological ability, emergency management, and public opinion are the main effect factors, which makes them useful indicators for monitoring how other factors behave. The root factors including organizational structure, rule system, and regional economic development level form the foundational elements shaping bridge resilience and sustainable performance. Based on these findings, management and policy implications are provided for bridge operators and regulators to enhance the resilience of cross-sea/river bridges under climate-exacerbated hazards.