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<p>Wetlands provide essential ecological services, support biodiversity, regulate floods, and control temperatures. But they are facing severe threats from both natural and human activities, and the Sonbeel wetland in Assam, India, is no exception. It is experiencing significant challenges, including a shrinking water cover area and major land use changes. Focusing on the entire watershed from 1990 to 2020, this study analyzes how land use and land cover (LULC) changes affect Sonbeel wetland’s dynamic, mainly swampy areas and water bodies. Using multi-temporal Landsat imagery and DEM data, LULC maps are generated through maximum likelihood classification, and future changes for 2030 are projected using the CA-ANN model. Findings reveal an increase in forest and built-up areas, while agricultural land, swampy area, and water bodies decline across seasons. Water bodies decrease from 2.86% to 2.44%, and swampy area from 1.64% to 1.56% during post-monsoon, linked to rainfall changes and encroachment. By 2030, further declines are expected, with agricultural land expanding. Water bodies may drop from 2.44% to 2.41% pre-monsoon, and swampy area from 1.62% to 1.54%. During post-monsoon, water bodies and swampy area shrink by 133 and 78 hectares, respectively. The study highlights strong negative (positive) correlations of water body and swampy area changes with population growth and potential evapotranspiration (rainfall), indicating the indirect impact of climatic fluctuation and anthropogenic encroachments. Additionally, low threshold values of water presence frequency (WPF) analysis depict the risk of a declining trend in swampy area and water bodies more distinctly. This study thus, emphasizes the need for wetland restoration, conservation, and sustainable land use planning to mitigate further degradation and ensure ecological balance.</p>

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Assessment of impact of land use/land cover changes on temporal dynamics of wetland watershed using remote sensing technique: A case study of Sonbeel wetland watershed

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月7日

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  • Briti Sundar Sil,
  • N. Rita Devi

摘要

Wetlands provide essential ecological services, support biodiversity, regulate floods, and control temperatures. But they are facing severe threats from both natural and human activities, and the Sonbeel wetland in Assam, India, is no exception. It is experiencing significant challenges, including a shrinking water cover area and major land use changes. Focusing on the entire watershed from 1990 to 2020, this study analyzes how land use and land cover (LULC) changes affect Sonbeel wetland’s dynamic, mainly swampy areas and water bodies. Using multi-temporal Landsat imagery and DEM data, LULC maps are generated through maximum likelihood classification, and future changes for 2030 are projected using the CA-ANN model. Findings reveal an increase in forest and built-up areas, while agricultural land, swampy area, and water bodies decline across seasons. Water bodies decrease from 2.86% to 2.44%, and swampy area from 1.64% to 1.56% during post-monsoon, linked to rainfall changes and encroachment. By 2030, further declines are expected, with agricultural land expanding. Water bodies may drop from 2.44% to 2.41% pre-monsoon, and swampy area from 1.62% to 1.54%. During post-monsoon, water bodies and swampy area shrink by 133 and 78 hectares, respectively. The study highlights strong negative (positive) correlations of water body and swampy area changes with population growth and potential evapotranspiration (rainfall), indicating the indirect impact of climatic fluctuation and anthropogenic encroachments. Additionally, low threshold values of water presence frequency (WPF) analysis depict the risk of a declining trend in swampy area and water bodies more distinctly. This study thus, emphasizes the need for wetland restoration, conservation, and sustainable land use planning to mitigate further degradation and ensure ecological balance.