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<p>Cities dependent on coal resources encounter challenges related to traditional pathways of development and the transition to alternative energy sources. Achieving synergistic development in pollution reduction, carbon control, and quality improvement has become a critical challenge for realizing high-quality urban development. This study builds a three-dimensional evaluation framework covering these three dimensions and applies it to 44 coal resource-based cities in China from 2014 to 2023. The coupling coordination degree model and obstacle degree model are used jointly to examine spatiotemporal evolution and identify the main constraints on coordinated development. The comprehensive evaluation index and the coupling coordination degree showed an overall upward trend, although regional differences remained evident. The dominant source of spatiotemporal differences shifted from individual city heterogeneity at the early stages of transformation to structural differentiation between regions. As a result, regional disparities widened, with the Central–South region gaining a leading advantage and forming a noticeable gap with other regions. The key obstacle factors restricting coordinated development changed from industrial pollution at the early stages to energy consumption and energy efficiency constraints. Therefore, coordinated transformation of coal resource-based cities requires strengthened differentiated regulation to address regional imbalances and promote high-quality coordinated development across all regions.</p>

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Spatiotemporal differentiation characteristics and obstacle factors of pollution reduction, carbon control, and quality improvement in coal resource-based cities under energy transition

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月6日

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  • Xiaowei Zhai,
  • Zilin Yang,
  • Changju Liu,
  • Xintian Li

摘要

Cities dependent on coal resources encounter challenges related to traditional pathways of development and the transition to alternative energy sources. Achieving synergistic development in pollution reduction, carbon control, and quality improvement has become a critical challenge for realizing high-quality urban development. This study builds a three-dimensional evaluation framework covering these three dimensions and applies it to 44 coal resource-based cities in China from 2014 to 2023. The coupling coordination degree model and obstacle degree model are used jointly to examine spatiotemporal evolution and identify the main constraints on coordinated development. The comprehensive evaluation index and the coupling coordination degree showed an overall upward trend, although regional differences remained evident. The dominant source of spatiotemporal differences shifted from individual city heterogeneity at the early stages of transformation to structural differentiation between regions. As a result, regional disparities widened, with the Central–South region gaining a leading advantage and forming a noticeable gap with other regions. The key obstacle factors restricting coordinated development changed from industrial pollution at the early stages to energy consumption and energy efficiency constraints. Therefore, coordinated transformation of coal resource-based cities requires strengthened differentiated regulation to address regional imbalances and promote high-quality coordinated development across all regions.