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<p>Gross Ecosystem Product (GEP) reflects total ecosystem services in a given area. This study proposed a GEP calculation framework (including shadow engineering, market value, and alternative cost methods) covering material supply, water conservation, carbon sequestration, etc. To explore ecological-economic relationships and GEP realization, the Green Gold Index (GGI) and primary conversion rate of ecological products (REP) were integrated. Focusing on eco-agriculture, eco-tourism, and eco-banking, eight implementable value realization models were recommended to enhance GEP. The results showed that: (1) The GEP of Guangxi Province of China in 2020 was CNY 2,038.38&#xa0;billion with regulation service accounting for the largest proportion (up to 49%). Essential water conservation, soil conservation, and flood storage were supported by the rich forest cover in Baise, Hechi, and Guilin Cities, while the extensive wetlands in coastal cities such as Qinzhou, Fangchenggang, and Beihai cities enhanced the function of flood storage capacity. (2) 14 cities were categorized into four groups based on their average GEP and GGI: Group I (high GEP, high GGI), Group II (high GEP, low GG), Group III (low GEP, high GGI), Group IV (low GEP, low GGI). (3) Eight implementable models for GEP realization are as follows: value-added model for labelling eco-products, fishery-photovoltaic complementary industry, rice-fishery integrated aquaculture industry, comprehensive utilization of sericulture waste resources, ecological agriculture, culture and tourism, ecological recreation tourism, mortgage of eco-environmental rights and interests, and carbon sinks trading model.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Leveraging gross ecosystem product, green gold index and primary conversion rate of ecological products as policy tools for green economic transformation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月8日

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  • Haozhe Zhang,
  • Ziyi Huang,
  • Xiang Sun,
  • Yi Hu,
  • Zhanfeng Dong

摘要

Gross Ecosystem Product (GEP) reflects total ecosystem services in a given area. This study proposed a GEP calculation framework (including shadow engineering, market value, and alternative cost methods) covering material supply, water conservation, carbon sequestration, etc. To explore ecological-economic relationships and GEP realization, the Green Gold Index (GGI) and primary conversion rate of ecological products (REP) were integrated. Focusing on eco-agriculture, eco-tourism, and eco-banking, eight implementable value realization models were recommended to enhance GEP. The results showed that: (1) The GEP of Guangxi Province of China in 2020 was CNY 2,038.38 billion with regulation service accounting for the largest proportion (up to 49%). Essential water conservation, soil conservation, and flood storage were supported by the rich forest cover in Baise, Hechi, and Guilin Cities, while the extensive wetlands in coastal cities such as Qinzhou, Fangchenggang, and Beihai cities enhanced the function of flood storage capacity. (2) 14 cities were categorized into four groups based on their average GEP and GGI: Group I (high GEP, high GGI), Group II (high GEP, low GG), Group III (low GEP, high GGI), Group IV (low GEP, low GGI). (3) Eight implementable models for GEP realization are as follows: value-added model for labelling eco-products, fishery-photovoltaic complementary industry, rice-fishery integrated aquaculture industry, comprehensive utilization of sericulture waste resources, ecological agriculture, culture and tourism, ecological recreation tourism, mortgage of eco-environmental rights and interests, and carbon sinks trading model.

Graphical abstract