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<p>This study examines how construction enterprises enhance green total factor productivity (GTFP) leveraging innovation-driven systems founded upon technological recombination. Moving beyond the net-effect perspective of individual factors on GTFP, this study adopts an innovation system view and uses dynamic qualitative comparative (QCA) analysis on panel data (2017–2021) from 56 Chinese listed construction enterprises to examine configurational outcomes and temporal effects of capability (exploratory/exploitative recombinant capabilities), resource (absorbed/unabsorbed slack), and environment (government fiscal support, educational human capital). Heterogeneity analysis by firm ownership, size, and age is further conducted. Results reveal no single necessary condition for high GTFP, but four equivalent driving paths with distinct capability-resource-environment synergies, where government fiscal support consistently serves as the core condition. These configurations show temporal effects, with consistency increasing and stabilizing around 2019. Moreover, high and nonhigh GTFP display asymmetric patterns, with deficiencies in both capability and environment characterizing nonhigh GTFP. Finally, heterogeneity analysis indicates that state-owned enterprises rely more on innovation environments compared with non-state-owned. Large-scale firms enhance GTFP primarily through capability-resource-environment synergies, while small-scale firms rely more on external innovation support. High‑age firms primarily offset resource scarcity through human capital to improve GTFP, whereas low‑age firms rely more on external fiscal support. From an innovation system perspective, this study moves beyond the linear net effects prevalent in GTFP research, revealing multiple asymmetric and equivalent capability-resource-environment configurational mechanisms. Integrating temporal effects and firm heterogeneity, it further delineates the contextual boundaries of configurational effectiveness, thereby providing targeted configurational solutions for construction enterprises’ strategic decisions.</p>

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Navigating innovation-driven green total factor productivity in construction enterprises: A dynamic qualitative comparative analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月6日

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  • Tong Liu,
  • Xin Ning

摘要

This study examines how construction enterprises enhance green total factor productivity (GTFP) leveraging innovation-driven systems founded upon technological recombination. Moving beyond the net-effect perspective of individual factors on GTFP, this study adopts an innovation system view and uses dynamic qualitative comparative (QCA) analysis on panel data (2017–2021) from 56 Chinese listed construction enterprises to examine configurational outcomes and temporal effects of capability (exploratory/exploitative recombinant capabilities), resource (absorbed/unabsorbed slack), and environment (government fiscal support, educational human capital). Heterogeneity analysis by firm ownership, size, and age is further conducted. Results reveal no single necessary condition for high GTFP, but four equivalent driving paths with distinct capability-resource-environment synergies, where government fiscal support consistently serves as the core condition. These configurations show temporal effects, with consistency increasing and stabilizing around 2019. Moreover, high and nonhigh GTFP display asymmetric patterns, with deficiencies in both capability and environment characterizing nonhigh GTFP. Finally, heterogeneity analysis indicates that state-owned enterprises rely more on innovation environments compared with non-state-owned. Large-scale firms enhance GTFP primarily through capability-resource-environment synergies, while small-scale firms rely more on external innovation support. High‑age firms primarily offset resource scarcity through human capital to improve GTFP, whereas low‑age firms rely more on external fiscal support. From an innovation system perspective, this study moves beyond the linear net effects prevalent in GTFP research, revealing multiple asymmetric and equivalent capability-resource-environment configurational mechanisms. Integrating temporal effects and firm heterogeneity, it further delineates the contextual boundaries of configurational effectiveness, thereby providing targeted configurational solutions for construction enterprises’ strategic decisions.