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<p>Indonesia faces critical challenges in simultaneously addressing energy security, climate change mitigation, and agricultural land preservation. Integration of solar energy generation with agricultural production offers a promising solution, yet their implementation requires careful optimization to balance competing demands for electricity output and crop productivity. This study presents a comprehensive simulation-based approach to optimize agrivoltaics system design for Indonesian tropical conditions, evaluating eight photovoltaic panel configurations through integrated analysis of energy production, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) availability, and structural safety. Using PVsyst 8.0.12, this research simulated electricity generation and solar irradiance distribution for configurations varying in panel density (full density, half density), layer arrangement (single layer, double layer), and panel orientation (vertical, horizontal) on a 120&#xa0;m² site at 10-degree tilt angle. Results demonstrate that Half Density Double Layer Vertical and Full Density Single Layer Horizontal layouts achieve optimal balance, maintaining solar irradiance above minimum PAR thresholds for shade-tolerant crops (130&#xa0;W/m² for tomato, 87&#xa0;W/m² for potato) while generating 11.672 MWh and 11.656 MWh annually, respectively. Finite element analysis using COMSOL Multiphysics with validated mesh convergence confirmed structural safety under combined dead and wind loads per Indonesian standards (SNI 1727:2013), with maximum stress below 175&#xa0;MPa allowable limit. The optimal configurations achieve 30–50% land productivity enhancement compared to single-use systems while supporting Indonesia’s renewable energy transition and food security objectives. This research provides simulation-based design guidelines for implementing safe, productive agrivoltaics, and demonstrating that integrated simulation approaches can reconcile energy generation with agricultural sustainability.</p>

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Optimizing agrivoltaics systems design in indonesia: a simulation-based analysis of energy production, irradiance availability, and structural integrity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月1日

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  • Amiruddin Aziz,
  • Sangik Lee,
  • Endra Dwi Purnomo,
  • Zakariya Arif Fikriyadi,
  • Lia Amelia,
  • Afri Dwijatmiko,
  • Nur Cholis Majid

摘要

Indonesia faces critical challenges in simultaneously addressing energy security, climate change mitigation, and agricultural land preservation. Integration of solar energy generation with agricultural production offers a promising solution, yet their implementation requires careful optimization to balance competing demands for electricity output and crop productivity. This study presents a comprehensive simulation-based approach to optimize agrivoltaics system design for Indonesian tropical conditions, evaluating eight photovoltaic panel configurations through integrated analysis of energy production, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) availability, and structural safety. Using PVsyst 8.0.12, this research simulated electricity generation and solar irradiance distribution for configurations varying in panel density (full density, half density), layer arrangement (single layer, double layer), and panel orientation (vertical, horizontal) on a 120 m² site at 10-degree tilt angle. Results demonstrate that Half Density Double Layer Vertical and Full Density Single Layer Horizontal layouts achieve optimal balance, maintaining solar irradiance above minimum PAR thresholds for shade-tolerant crops (130 W/m² for tomato, 87 W/m² for potato) while generating 11.672 MWh and 11.656 MWh annually, respectively. Finite element analysis using COMSOL Multiphysics with validated mesh convergence confirmed structural safety under combined dead and wind loads per Indonesian standards (SNI 1727:2013), with maximum stress below 175 MPa allowable limit. The optimal configurations achieve 30–50% land productivity enhancement compared to single-use systems while supporting Indonesia’s renewable energy transition and food security objectives. This research provides simulation-based design guidelines for implementing safe, productive agrivoltaics, and demonstrating that integrated simulation approaches can reconcile energy generation with agricultural sustainability.