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<p>Coastal zones are increasingly exposed to the combined pressures of rapid urbanization, ecological degradation, and land–sea interactions, making it difficult to balance urban transformation with ecological stability. Although China’s new urbanization (NU) strategy emphasizes people-centered and sustainable development, how NU interacts with ecological resilience (ER) under intensified human–land conflicts remains insufficiently understood. Taking the East China Sea (ECS) coastal zone as a typical socio-ecological hotspot, this study investigates the spatiotemporal association, spatial mismatch, driving mechanisms, and governance implications of NU and ER from 2000 to 2022. An integrated analytical framework was developed by linking the economy–population–society–ecology–space model for NU with the background–disturbance–process model for ER, in which disturbance serves as the bridge between urbanization pressure and ecological response. Multi-source remote sensing, environmental, and socioeconomic data were used to construct NU and ER indices, and their relationship was examined using coordination assessment, decoupling analysis, bivariate spatial autocorrelation, GTWR, Geodetector, and functional zoning. Results show that NU increased steadily and formed an east–west core–periphery gradient, whereas ER fluctuated upward and displayed an opposite west–east land–sea gradient. This inverse spatial structure produced persistent mismatches between hilly ecological areas and coastal urban plains. The coordination level improved from marginal to primary, indicating a narrowing relative development gap; however, spatial polarization and local trade-offs remained evident. Strong decoupling contracted, while weak decoupling and expansive coupling expanded, suggesting a gradual reduction in relative imbalance. GTWR revealed a persistent negative association between NU and ER, indicating that urbanization pressure still constrained ecological response in many local contexts. Geodetector identified urbanization rate, GDP, technological level, and regulatory level as the dominant drivers of coordination heterogeneity. By connecting urbanization pressure, ecological response, spatial mismatch diagnosis, and zoning-based governance, this study advances NU–ER research from descriptive coupling measurement toward a process-oriented and policy-relevant diagnostic framework. Four functional zones—comprehensive improvement, ecological conservation, ecological restoration, and high-quality development—were delineated to support differentiated coastal management. These findings provide a transferable framework for coordinating urban transformation and ecological resilience in rapidly urbanizing coastal regions.</p>

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Human–land harmony in the East China Sea coastal zone: spatiotemporal coupling of ecological resilience and new urbanization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月15日

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  • Chao Ying,
  • Yongchao Liu,
  • Yuxin Chen,
  • Peng Tian,
  • Hongbo Gong,
  • Jie Zhong,
  • Jialin Li

摘要

Coastal zones are increasingly exposed to the combined pressures of rapid urbanization, ecological degradation, and land–sea interactions, making it difficult to balance urban transformation with ecological stability. Although China’s new urbanization (NU) strategy emphasizes people-centered and sustainable development, how NU interacts with ecological resilience (ER) under intensified human–land conflicts remains insufficiently understood. Taking the East China Sea (ECS) coastal zone as a typical socio-ecological hotspot, this study investigates the spatiotemporal association, spatial mismatch, driving mechanisms, and governance implications of NU and ER from 2000 to 2022. An integrated analytical framework was developed by linking the economy–population–society–ecology–space model for NU with the background–disturbance–process model for ER, in which disturbance serves as the bridge between urbanization pressure and ecological response. Multi-source remote sensing, environmental, and socioeconomic data were used to construct NU and ER indices, and their relationship was examined using coordination assessment, decoupling analysis, bivariate spatial autocorrelation, GTWR, Geodetector, and functional zoning. Results show that NU increased steadily and formed an east–west core–periphery gradient, whereas ER fluctuated upward and displayed an opposite west–east land–sea gradient. This inverse spatial structure produced persistent mismatches between hilly ecological areas and coastal urban plains. The coordination level improved from marginal to primary, indicating a narrowing relative development gap; however, spatial polarization and local trade-offs remained evident. Strong decoupling contracted, while weak decoupling and expansive coupling expanded, suggesting a gradual reduction in relative imbalance. GTWR revealed a persistent negative association between NU and ER, indicating that urbanization pressure still constrained ecological response in many local contexts. Geodetector identified urbanization rate, GDP, technological level, and regulatory level as the dominant drivers of coordination heterogeneity. By connecting urbanization pressure, ecological response, spatial mismatch diagnosis, and zoning-based governance, this study advances NU–ER research from descriptive coupling measurement toward a process-oriented and policy-relevant diagnostic framework. Four functional zones—comprehensive improvement, ecological conservation, ecological restoration, and high-quality development—were delineated to support differentiated coastal management. These findings provide a transferable framework for coordinating urban transformation and ecological resilience in rapidly urbanizing coastal regions.