<p>The research analyses the cultural landscapes of four regions in Ourense, one of the provinces of Spain that suffers great problems of demographic decline, ageing, depopulation and abandonment of economic activities. Vulnerable areas that have been harmed during the 20th century by successive migratory waves, where the loss of population and the desertion of agricultural and forestry plots have had severe social, economic and cultural repercussions. Cultural landscapes in functional crisis as their ways of life are disrupted by a lack of productivity, a common fact in other countries that must be analyzed from parameters of sustainability and resilience. A desk research model was employed, studying secondary data from official statistical agencies and fieldwork in the areas under study. The research examines the resilience of these rural landscapes, where different crops have been key to life and trade for centuries, adapting the distinct spatial characteristics to the most suitable exploitation of agriculture and livestock farming. The conclusions state that, after decades of crisis, some successful experiences show the way to certain territorial renewal based on local resources -vineyard, bread, chestnut and potato-, which were the supportive elements of the population in the past.</p>