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<p>Anthropogenic disturbances have increasingly threatened the ecological security of the Bortala Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang, highlighting the need for a systematic assessment to guide ecological restoration and sustainable development. Using land use and land cover change (LUCC) data from 1990 to 2023, this study integrated evaluations of ecosystem service importance and ecological sensitivity to assess regional ecological security. The InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs) model was employed to quantify four key ecosystem services: water yield, soil conservation, habitat quality, and carbon storage. In addition, an ecological sensitivity assessment framework was established, incorporating factors such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), proximity to hydrological features, topographic variation, and climatic conditions. Spatial-temporal analysis revealed pronounced dynamics: grassland, arable land, and construction land expanded at average annual rates of 2.32%, 0.64%, and 11.16%, respectively, whereas forest land and unused land declined by 1.56% and 0.96%. Major land transitions were dominated by conversions from forest to grassland and from grassland to arable land. Correspondingly, the quantified ecosystem services displayed divergent trajectories—water yield and habitat quality declined, while soil conservation showed improvement. The assessment indicated a distinct northwest–southeast spatial heterogeneity in habitat quality and ecological sensitivity, with the latter forming a belt of highly and extremely sensitive zones. Areas identified as having high ecological security were primarily distributed in the northwestern and southern mountainous regions, dominated by forest, grassland, and unused land. These results and the applied integrated assessment framework provide a robust scientific basis for targeted ecological conservation and sustainable land-use planning in this and other vulnerable arid regions.</p>

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Assessing ecological security in China's Bortala Region: A framework integrating land-use dynamics and ecosystem services using the InVEST model

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月13日

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  • Shuyu Wang,
  • Amannisa Kuerban,
  • Hailiang Xu,
  • Abdul Waheed,
  • Guankui Gao

摘要

Anthropogenic disturbances have increasingly threatened the ecological security of the Bortala Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang, highlighting the need for a systematic assessment to guide ecological restoration and sustainable development. Using land use and land cover change (LUCC) data from 1990 to 2023, this study integrated evaluations of ecosystem service importance and ecological sensitivity to assess regional ecological security. The InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs) model was employed to quantify four key ecosystem services: water yield, soil conservation, habitat quality, and carbon storage. In addition, an ecological sensitivity assessment framework was established, incorporating factors such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), proximity to hydrological features, topographic variation, and climatic conditions. Spatial-temporal analysis revealed pronounced dynamics: grassland, arable land, and construction land expanded at average annual rates of 2.32%, 0.64%, and 11.16%, respectively, whereas forest land and unused land declined by 1.56% and 0.96%. Major land transitions were dominated by conversions from forest to grassland and from grassland to arable land. Correspondingly, the quantified ecosystem services displayed divergent trajectories—water yield and habitat quality declined, while soil conservation showed improvement. The assessment indicated a distinct northwest–southeast spatial heterogeneity in habitat quality and ecological sensitivity, with the latter forming a belt of highly and extremely sensitive zones. Areas identified as having high ecological security were primarily distributed in the northwestern and southern mountainous regions, dominated by forest, grassland, and unused land. These results and the applied integrated assessment framework provide a robust scientific basis for targeted ecological conservation and sustainable land-use planning in this and other vulnerable arid regions.