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<p>In the context of the “dual carbon” goals and the pursuit of high-quality development, the effective implementation of environmental regulation (ER) policies has become essential for achieving green transformation. This study draws on panel data covering 30 Chinese provinces from 2000 to 2022. A comprehensive index of provincial ER policy implementation capacity is constructed using the entropy weight method, while green total factor productivity (GTFP) is calculated by integrating the Slack-based measure (SBM) directional distance function with the Global Malmquist-Luenberger index. A two-way fixed effect (FE) model, supplemented by mediation effect tests, endogeneity tests, and threshold models, is used to address the endogeneity and nonlinear relationships among multiple driving factors, policy implementation capacity, and the GTFP. Results show that government incentives have the greatest impact on policy implementation, while corporate compliance and public environmental awareness also have significant positive effects. Mediation test reveals that policy implementation plays a partial mediating role between driving factors and green performance. The present study provides theoretical insights and practical implications for establishing a collaborative governance framework involving government, enterprises, and the public, optimizing the intensity of ER, and enhancing the effectiveness of policy implementation.</p>

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Driving factors and performance evaluation of environmental regulation policy implementation: Evidence from provincial panel data in China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月16日

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  • Zhen Lin,
  • Bin Yang,
  • Xiaoxu Peng

摘要

In the context of the “dual carbon” goals and the pursuit of high-quality development, the effective implementation of environmental regulation (ER) policies has become essential for achieving green transformation. This study draws on panel data covering 30 Chinese provinces from 2000 to 2022. A comprehensive index of provincial ER policy implementation capacity is constructed using the entropy weight method, while green total factor productivity (GTFP) is calculated by integrating the Slack-based measure (SBM) directional distance function with the Global Malmquist-Luenberger index. A two-way fixed effect (FE) model, supplemented by mediation effect tests, endogeneity tests, and threshold models, is used to address the endogeneity and nonlinear relationships among multiple driving factors, policy implementation capacity, and the GTFP. Results show that government incentives have the greatest impact on policy implementation, while corporate compliance and public environmental awareness also have significant positive effects. Mediation test reveals that policy implementation plays a partial mediating role between driving factors and green performance. The present study provides theoretical insights and practical implications for establishing a collaborative governance framework involving government, enterprises, and the public, optimizing the intensity of ER, and enhancing the effectiveness of policy implementation.