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<p>High environmental regulation efficiency (ERE) reduces short-term economic pressures associated with environmental governance, particularly within the context of integrated pollution and carbon mitigation efforts. In this paper, we assess ERE across Chinese cities from 2007 to 2022 within a synergistic control framework for managing environmental pollution and carbon emissions. Using convergence models, kernel density estimation, and Dagum’s Gini coefficient, we examine the convergence, dynamic evolution and disparities of ERE. The results indicate that ERE exhibits a temporal upward trend and a clustering pattern spatially. There is no significant <i>σ</i> convergence, but <i>β</i> and club convergences exist, and four clubs are identified. The growth of ERE is primarily driven by Clubs 1 and 2. The overall gap in ERE has widened, mainly attributable to the differences between clubs. The growing disparity between the highest and lowest cities raises concerns about equity in environmental governance, underscoring the need for policymakers to develop fairer and more effective environmental policies.</p>

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Assessing the environmental regulation efficiency of Chinese cities for synergistic reductions in pollution and carbon emissions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月1日

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  • Min Zhao,
  • Rong Yuan,
  • Xiaosong Ren,
  • Nan Li

摘要

High environmental regulation efficiency (ERE) reduces short-term economic pressures associated with environmental governance, particularly within the context of integrated pollution and carbon mitigation efforts. In this paper, we assess ERE across Chinese cities from 2007 to 2022 within a synergistic control framework for managing environmental pollution and carbon emissions. Using convergence models, kernel density estimation, and Dagum’s Gini coefficient, we examine the convergence, dynamic evolution and disparities of ERE. The results indicate that ERE exhibits a temporal upward trend and a clustering pattern spatially. There is no significant σ convergence, but β and club convergences exist, and four clubs are identified. The growth of ERE is primarily driven by Clubs 1 and 2. The overall gap in ERE has widened, mainly attributable to the differences between clubs. The growing disparity between the highest and lowest cities raises concerns about equity in environmental governance, underscoring the need for policymakers to develop fairer and more effective environmental policies.