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<p>Mining industry plays a vital role in China’s natural resource security and modernization. However, there is limited evaluation of the impact of energy and water use pressures from mining extraction on local environments, particularly from a national supply chain perspective. This study applied the extended environmental multi-regional input-output model and structural path analysis to examine the critical paths of embodied energy and water consumption from the mining industry in 2012–2017, and we further conducted both the energy stress index and water stress index to investigate the inter-provincial impacts of pressure exertion on energy and water resources availability in China. Results indicated that mining energy footprint (MEF) and mining water footprint (MWF) were 2.2&#xa0;million tce and 64&#xa0;million m³, respectively. From the supply chain perspective, the crucial path for both embodied MEF and MWF was manufacturing towards mining, which accounted for 19% and 14%, respectively. Furthermore, Xinjiang’s substantial energy demand from other provinces’ mining industries led to a large amount of indirect MWF outflow and an insignificant portion of MEF inflow, which ultimately aggravated the local water use pressure. To tackle water scarcity, an integrated approach should be implemented, combining innovation incentives, inter-provincial cooperation, and strict measures such as water rights trading, usage caps, and cross-sectoral water management. Our findings offer a comprehensive understanding of spatio-temporal resources in the mining industry towards lower energy and water consumption within China.</p>

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The dilemma in the mining industry: water and energy flow based on consumption behavior

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月27日

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  • XuDong Yuan,
  • Yi Zhu,
  • Lien-Chieh Lee,
  • Yuan Wang,
  • Liying Ping,
  • Cristhian Chicaiza-Ortiz,
  • Hongyu Zhang

摘要

Mining industry plays a vital role in China’s natural resource security and modernization. However, there is limited evaluation of the impact of energy and water use pressures from mining extraction on local environments, particularly from a national supply chain perspective. This study applied the extended environmental multi-regional input-output model and structural path analysis to examine the critical paths of embodied energy and water consumption from the mining industry in 2012–2017, and we further conducted both the energy stress index and water stress index to investigate the inter-provincial impacts of pressure exertion on energy and water resources availability in China. Results indicated that mining energy footprint (MEF) and mining water footprint (MWF) were 2.2 million tce and 64 million m³, respectively. From the supply chain perspective, the crucial path for both embodied MEF and MWF was manufacturing towards mining, which accounted for 19% and 14%, respectively. Furthermore, Xinjiang’s substantial energy demand from other provinces’ mining industries led to a large amount of indirect MWF outflow and an insignificant portion of MEF inflow, which ultimately aggravated the local water use pressure. To tackle water scarcity, an integrated approach should be implemented, combining innovation incentives, inter-provincial cooperation, and strict measures such as water rights trading, usage caps, and cross-sectoral water management. Our findings offer a comprehensive understanding of spatio-temporal resources in the mining industry towards lower energy and water consumption within China.