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<p>Against the backdrop of global efforts towards carbon neutrality and sustainable development, agriculture, as a significant carbon emitter, urgently requires effective strategies to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural activities. Digital technology innovation&#xa0;(DTI), as a central catalyst for restructuring agricultural systems and promoting agriculture’s shift toward more climate-friendly development trajectories, holds significant potential. However, there is still much to learn about the regional impacts and mechanisms of digital innovation in lowering carbon emissions from agriculture.&#xa0;To this end, this study employs a provincial-level dataset covering 30 regions in China over the period 2013–2022, constructing fixed effects models, mediation effect models, and spatial Durbin models, and innovatively integrates mediation analysis with spatial effect testing to comprehensively evaluate how digital innovation influences the governance and reduction of agricultural carbon outputs. The empirical analysis yields three principal insights: first, digital innovation significantly lowers agricultural carbon intensity, demonstrating a robust and consistent mitigation effect, exhibiting a stable and robust direct mitigation effect; second, mediation analysis indicates that DTI indirectly mitigates emissions through pathways such as labor structure optimization, improvements in water-use efficiency, enhanced capital accessibility, and better land-use intensity; third, spatial econometric results demonstrate that digital technology innovation generates not only local mitigation effects but also positive spatial spillovers to neighboring regions, underscoring its potential in advancing regionally coordinated agricultural carbon emission governance. Based on these results, this study suggests promoting the diffusion of DTI outcomes in line with regional conditions, strengthening cross-regional coordination and information sharing, and improving stratified, categorised technical support systems to enhance the overall effectiveness of agricultural low-carbon transformation.</p>

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How does digital technology innovation affect agricultural carbon emissions? — empirical evidence from China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月27日

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  • Lingli Guo,
  • Hao Zhu,
  • Songyu Jiang

摘要

Against the backdrop of global efforts towards carbon neutrality and sustainable development, agriculture, as a significant carbon emitter, urgently requires effective strategies to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural activities. Digital technology innovation (DTI), as a central catalyst for restructuring agricultural systems and promoting agriculture’s shift toward more climate-friendly development trajectories, holds significant potential. However, there is still much to learn about the regional impacts and mechanisms of digital innovation in lowering carbon emissions from agriculture. To this end, this study employs a provincial-level dataset covering 30 regions in China over the period 2013–2022, constructing fixed effects models, mediation effect models, and spatial Durbin models, and innovatively integrates mediation analysis with spatial effect testing to comprehensively evaluate how digital innovation influences the governance and reduction of agricultural carbon outputs. The empirical analysis yields three principal insights: first, digital innovation significantly lowers agricultural carbon intensity, demonstrating a robust and consistent mitigation effect, exhibiting a stable and robust direct mitigation effect; second, mediation analysis indicates that DTI indirectly mitigates emissions through pathways such as labor structure optimization, improvements in water-use efficiency, enhanced capital accessibility, and better land-use intensity; third, spatial econometric results demonstrate that digital technology innovation generates not only local mitigation effects but also positive spatial spillovers to neighboring regions, underscoring its potential in advancing regionally coordinated agricultural carbon emission governance. Based on these results, this study suggests promoting the diffusion of DTI outcomes in line with regional conditions, strengthening cross-regional coordination and information sharing, and improving stratified, categorised technical support systems to enhance the overall effectiveness of agricultural low-carbon transformation.