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<p>Urban-rural integration is not only a critical aspect of optimizing urban-rural relationships, but also a pathway toward sustainable development. Symbiosis theory delves into the internal mechanisms of synergistic development among varied systems, aligning well with the evolutionary traits of urban-rural relationships. Nevertheless, previous studies rarely approached urban-rural integration from the symbiosis perspective. To address this, the article proposes a theoretical analysis framework for urban-rural integration based on symbiosis theory. Then, the study conducted an empirical analysis of the dynamic evolution, spatial agglomeration, and development direction of urban-rural integration across 69 cities within the Yellow River Basin in China from 2011 to 2021. Finally, dynamic qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) was used to explore the multiple driving paths of urban-rural integration. Findings: (1) In line with symbiosis theory, the urban-rural integration symbiotic system comprises symbiotic units, interfaces, models, and environments, transitioning from asymmetric reciprocal symbiosis to symmetric reciprocal symbiosis. (2) The level of urban-rural integration increased gradually, with the integration level evolving from a relative equilibrium to spatial pattern favoring downstream&gt; midstream&gt; upstream. Among city clusters, integration levels are Shan-Dong Peninsula&gt; Central Plains&gt; Ning-Xia Along the Yellow River&gt; Hu-Bao-E-Yu&gt; Jin-Zhong&gt; Guan-Zhong Plain&gt; Lan-Xi. (3) Urban-rural integration exists with positive spatial correlation and localized spatial agglomeration effects. (4) The spatial gravity center of urban-rural integration is located between 112.6336°E ~ 112.9663°E longitude and 36.0434°<i>N</i> ~ 36.1381°N latitude. Among city clusters, the spatial gravity centers are clustered and distributed. (5) High levels of urban-rural integration have six driving paths, which include the financial dominant type, “financial + technology + infrastructural” ternary driven type, “financial + industrial + technology + fiscal” multi-driven type, “industrial + infrastructural” dualistic driven type, infrastructural dominant type, and “financial + industrial” dual driven type.</p>

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Dynamic evolution and multiple driving paths of urban-rural integration under symbiosis perspective: the case of the Yellow River Basin in China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月11日

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  • Min Yu,
  • Binbin Ma,
  • Jingjing Su,
  • Ruian Pei,
  • Wenjia Li

摘要

Urban-rural integration is not only a critical aspect of optimizing urban-rural relationships, but also a pathway toward sustainable development. Symbiosis theory delves into the internal mechanisms of synergistic development among varied systems, aligning well with the evolutionary traits of urban-rural relationships. Nevertheless, previous studies rarely approached urban-rural integration from the symbiosis perspective. To address this, the article proposes a theoretical analysis framework for urban-rural integration based on symbiosis theory. Then, the study conducted an empirical analysis of the dynamic evolution, spatial agglomeration, and development direction of urban-rural integration across 69 cities within the Yellow River Basin in China from 2011 to 2021. Finally, dynamic qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) was used to explore the multiple driving paths of urban-rural integration. Findings: (1) In line with symbiosis theory, the urban-rural integration symbiotic system comprises symbiotic units, interfaces, models, and environments, transitioning from asymmetric reciprocal symbiosis to symmetric reciprocal symbiosis. (2) The level of urban-rural integration increased gradually, with the integration level evolving from a relative equilibrium to spatial pattern favoring downstream> midstream> upstream. Among city clusters, integration levels are Shan-Dong Peninsula> Central Plains> Ning-Xia Along the Yellow River> Hu-Bao-E-Yu> Jin-Zhong> Guan-Zhong Plain> Lan-Xi. (3) Urban-rural integration exists with positive spatial correlation and localized spatial agglomeration effects. (4) The spatial gravity center of urban-rural integration is located between 112.6336°E ~ 112.9663°E longitude and 36.0434°N ~ 36.1381°N latitude. Among city clusters, the spatial gravity centers are clustered and distributed. (5) High levels of urban-rural integration have six driving paths, which include the financial dominant type, “financial + technology + infrastructural” ternary driven type, “financial + industrial + technology + fiscal” multi-driven type, “industrial + infrastructural” dualistic driven type, infrastructural dominant type, and “financial + industrial” dual driven type.