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<p>The 2030 Agenda emphasizes prioritizing the poorest, most vulnerable, and marginalized populations in sustainability assessments. Compared with urban areas, rural regions in low-latitude highland mountainous areas face greater developmental disparities, yet fewer studies have systematically evaluated SDG progress in these unique geographies. To address this gap, this study develops a methodological framework for assessing rural SDGs, using Yunnan Province, China, as a representative case. The framework integrates a penalized variable weight model (PVWM) to quantify SDG performance, enabling spatio-temporal assessment at both city and county levels (2014–2021). An improved coupled coordination degree model (CCDM) examines synergies and trade-offs among environmental, social, and economic subsystems, while an obstacle factor diagnosis model (OFDM) pinpoints key constraints at both indicator and regional levels. Results show that between 2014 and 2021, the social subsystem shows steady improvement, and spatial inequality is gradually diminishing, while the economic subsystem exhibits a clear core–periphery pattern. The coupling coordination degree of the rural SDGs subsystem is transitioning from a stage of decline and transformation to a stage of coordination. The OFDM results indicate that environmental factors are the primary obstacles to SDG progress in Yunnan, followed by economic and social factors. This framework not only provides targeted recommendations for the studied region but also offers deeper insights and practical support for the sustainable development of rural areas in other low-latitude mountainous regions.</p>

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Assessing the Spatio-temporal dynamics and coordination of rural SDGs in Low-Latitude Highland regions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月20日

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  • Sujin Zhang,
  • Yiyang Zhang,
  • Xinrui Wang,
  • Yanqing Xu,
  • Yan Liu,
  • Xiaoqing Zhao,
  • Fei Zhao

摘要

The 2030 Agenda emphasizes prioritizing the poorest, most vulnerable, and marginalized populations in sustainability assessments. Compared with urban areas, rural regions in low-latitude highland mountainous areas face greater developmental disparities, yet fewer studies have systematically evaluated SDG progress in these unique geographies. To address this gap, this study develops a methodological framework for assessing rural SDGs, using Yunnan Province, China, as a representative case. The framework integrates a penalized variable weight model (PVWM) to quantify SDG performance, enabling spatio-temporal assessment at both city and county levels (2014–2021). An improved coupled coordination degree model (CCDM) examines synergies and trade-offs among environmental, social, and economic subsystems, while an obstacle factor diagnosis model (OFDM) pinpoints key constraints at both indicator and regional levels. Results show that between 2014 and 2021, the social subsystem shows steady improvement, and spatial inequality is gradually diminishing, while the economic subsystem exhibits a clear core–periphery pattern. The coupling coordination degree of the rural SDGs subsystem is transitioning from a stage of decline and transformation to a stage of coordination. The OFDM results indicate that environmental factors are the primary obstacles to SDG progress in Yunnan, followed by economic and social factors. This framework not only provides targeted recommendations for the studied region but also offers deeper insights and practical support for the sustainable development of rural areas in other low-latitude mountainous regions.