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<p>This study adopts the TOE theoretical framework lens to explore the mechanisms through which smart city construction promotes urban green innovation. Utilizing a panel dataset covering 171 Chinese cities over the period 2006–2019, the research integrates DID, SDID, and SCM approaches to ensure empirical robustness and identify heterogeneous characteristics. The results indicate: First, the implementation of smart city pilots markedly elevates urban green innovation performance. Second, such initiatives trigger considerable spatial spillover effects, benefiting neighboring municipalities via integrated regional development. Third, the “smart city effect” operates through technological, organizational, and environmental channels, including industrial upgrading, demographic urbanization, and financial market maturation. Fourth, regional comparative analysis uncovers an obvious imbalance: eastern and central regions achieve remarkable progress in green innovation driven by smart cities, while western regions fall behind due to backward economic foundations and single industrial structures. Finally, this paper proposes targeted policy recommendations, such as orderly expansion of smart city pilot programs, tailoring smart city construction plans to local conditions, and strengthening regional coordination and joint development to further advance urban green innovation and sustainable development.</p>

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The role of smart city construction in urban green innovation: Analysis based on the TOE theoretical framework

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月10日

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  • Jun Mao,
  • Huimin Xiao,
  • Wang Ren,
  • Chang Tang

摘要

This study adopts the TOE theoretical framework lens to explore the mechanisms through which smart city construction promotes urban green innovation. Utilizing a panel dataset covering 171 Chinese cities over the period 2006–2019, the research integrates DID, SDID, and SCM approaches to ensure empirical robustness and identify heterogeneous characteristics. The results indicate: First, the implementation of smart city pilots markedly elevates urban green innovation performance. Second, such initiatives trigger considerable spatial spillover effects, benefiting neighboring municipalities via integrated regional development. Third, the “smart city effect” operates through technological, organizational, and environmental channels, including industrial upgrading, demographic urbanization, and financial market maturation. Fourth, regional comparative analysis uncovers an obvious imbalance: eastern and central regions achieve remarkable progress in green innovation driven by smart cities, while western regions fall behind due to backward economic foundations and single industrial structures. Finally, this paper proposes targeted policy recommendations, such as orderly expansion of smart city pilot programs, tailoring smart city construction plans to local conditions, and strengthening regional coordination and joint development to further advance urban green innovation and sustainable development.