<p>Against the backdrop of increasing pressures on cultivated land systems and rising climate and land-use risks worldwide, this study examines the effects of Whole-Region Comprehensive Land Consolidation (WRCLC) on the ecological resilience of cultivated land using a county-level case from Zhejiang Province, China. The study tests the hypothesis that integrated land consolidation produces differentiated and synergistic effects across ecological, recovery–resistance, and socio-economic dimensions, rather than uniform improvements, and that clarifying these effects is urgent for regions seeking to balance food security, ecological protection, and land governance. A composite ecological resilience index was constructed covering ecological function, recovery and resistance, and socio-economic dimensions. Empirical analysis combined ANOVA with entropy-weighted TOPSIS to compare consolidated and non-consolidated areas and to distinguish the effects of different consolidation models. Results indicate that soil quality improvement measures primarily enhance soil health and crop recovery, water resource management improves water use efficiency and climate-related resilience, while land structure optimization strengthens ecosystem connectivity and land use efficiency. Overall, WRCLC enhances resilience through cross-dimensional synergies, revealing an underexplored interaction between ecological restoration and socio-economic regulation. This study relies on cross-sectional data from a single regional case, and the findings should be interpreted as associative rather than strictly causal. Nevertheless, the analytical framework offers policy-relevant and internationally transferable insights for evaluating integrated land consolidation strategies, while future research should adopt longitudinal and comparative designs to strengthen causal inference and global relevance.</p>